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ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS OF IOS DEVICES
MATTIA EPIFANI
SANS MUNICH
MUNICH, 1 APRIL 2014
FORENSIC ACQUISITION….BEFORE STARTING
 When we are dealing with the forensics acquisition of an iOS device
we have to answer 3 questions before starting the operation:
1. What is the model?
2. What is the iOS version installed?
3. Is the device locked with a pass code?
1. Simple passcode?
2. Complex passcode?
IDENTIFY THE MODEL
 The model number is located on the back of the device
IDENTIFY THE MODEL AND THE OPERATING SYSTEM
 Boot your PC with Santoku Live CD
 https://santoku-linux.com/
 Tool: ideviceinfo (libimobiledevice.org)
 Opensource
 Use ideviceinfo –s
 It works also if the device is locked by a
passcode
IDENTIFY THE MODEL AND THE OPERATING SYSTEM
IPHONE MODEL CHART
Device name
Model number
Internal Name
Identifier
Year
Capacity (GB)
iPhone 5S (CDMA)
A1457-A1518-A1528-A1530
N53AP
iPhone6,2
2013
16, 32
iPhone 5S (GSM)
A1433– A1533
N51AP
iPhone6,1
2013
16, 32, 64
iPhone 5C (CDMA)
A1507 – A1516 – A1526 – A1529
N49AP
iPhone5,4
2013
16, 32
iPhone 5C (GSM)
A1456 – A1532
N48AP
iPhone5,3
2013
16, 32
iPhone 5 rev.2
A1429 - A1442
N42AP
iPhone5,2
2012
16, 32, 64
iPhone 5
A1428
N41AP
iPhone5,1
2012
16, 32, 64
iPhone 4s (China)
A1431
8, 16, 32, 64
A1387
iPhone4,1
2011
iPhone 4S
N94AP
2011
8, 16, 32, 64
iPhone 4 - CDMA
A1349
N92AP
iPhone3,2
2011
8, 16, 32
iPhone 4 - GSM
A1332
N90AP
iPhone3,1
2010
8, 16, 32
iPhone 3GS (China)
A1325
8, 16, 32
A1303
iPhone2,1
2009
iPhone 3GS
N88AP
2009
8, 16, 32
iPhone 3G (China)
A1324
8, 16
A1241
iPhone1,2
2009
iPhone 3G
N82AP
2008
8, 16
iPhone 2G
A1203
M68AP
iPhone1,1
2007
4, 8, 16
IOSSUPPORTMATRIX.COM
IS THE DEVICE LOCKED?
 Digits only
 Length = 4 (simple passcode)
IS THE DEVICE LOCKED?
 Digits only
 Length > 4 (simple passcode)
IS THE DEVICE LOCKED?
 Contains non digits
 Any length
PHYSICAL VS BACKUP ACQUISITION
 Physical acquisition  Bit-by-bit image of the device
 Backup acquisition  Extract (part of) the file system
 What is NOT available in a backup?
 Email
 Geolocation database (Consolidated.db)
 Apps “Cache” folder (es. Opened files in Dropbox)
 Executables
PHYSICAL ACQUISITION (IPHONE 3G, IPHONE 3GS, IPHONE 4, IPAD)
 It is always possible to perform a physical acquisition, also if the
device is password protected with a strong passcode!
 We can access all the contents if:
1.
Device is not locked
or
2.
Device is locked with a passcode that can be cracked within a “reasonable time”
 If it’s not possible to crack the device passcode you cannot access
email and third party applications, but you can recover address
book, SMS, pictures, videos, browsing history and so on
HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO CRACK? (IPHONE 4)
IPHONE 4 – PHYSICAL ACQUISITION
IPHONE 4 – PHYSICAL ACQUISITION
IPHONE 4 – PHYSICAL ACQUISITION
IPHONE 4 – PHYSICAL ACQUISITION
IPHONE 4 – PHYSICAL ACQUISITION
PHYSICAL ACQUISITION (IPHONE 4S, 5, 5C AND IPAD 2, 3, 4, MINI)
 If the device is not passcode protected we can jailbreak (up to iOS
7.0.6 at the moment) and then use Elcomsoft iOS Forensic
Toolkit
 If the device is password protected it must be already jailbroken
and then we can use the same tool
 If the device is password protected and not jailbroken  No way
at the moment!
 BE CAERFUL: JAILBREAKING IS AN INVASIVE OPTION!
JAILBREAK – THE IPHONE WIKI
EVASION 7
PHYSICAL ACQUISITION – IOS FORENSIC TOOLKIT
LOGICAL AND BACKUP ACQUISITION
 Always possibile with any device not password protected
 We can use:
 Forensic tools
 Oxygen Forensics, UFED Cellebrite, AccessData MPE+, XRY, MobilEdit, etc.
 iTunes + Backup parser/analyzer
 iPhone Backup Analyzer 2
Opensource
 iBackupBot
Commercial
 iPhone Backup Extractor
Commercial
 iDevice Browsing Tools
 iFunBox
 DiskAid
 iExplorer
IPHONE BACKUP ANALYZER
SMS / iMessage
Call Logs
Address Book
Decode and Explore iPhone backup
XML Plist viewer
Binary Plist viewer
SQLITE Browser
Hex viewer
Text viewer
Image and EXIF viewer
Note
Network
Safari History
Skype
WhatsApp
Safari Bookmarks
Safari State
Viber
Thumbnails
Known WiFi
IPHONE BACKUP ANALYZER – MAIN WINDOW
IPHONE BACKUP ANALYZER – SQLITE AND PLIST
IPHONE BACKUP ANALYZER – CALLS AND MESSAGES
IPHONE BACKUP ANALYZER – WHATSAPP AND SKYPE
IFUNBOX
LOGICAL ACQUISITION AND BACKUP
 What can we do if we have iPhone 4s/5/5s/5c or iPad 2/3/4/Mini
 Passcode protected
 Not jailbroken
 We need to answer another question:
Do we have access to any computer (PC/MAC) the device was synced with?
If not…we can not perform any kind of acquisition! (but there is still a
way…we will see later)
If yes…
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
Is it a not password protected backup available in the PC?
Is it a password protected backup available in the PC?
Are the lockdown certificates available?
 We can analyze it!
 We can try to crack it!
 We can access the device!!!
PASSWORD PROTECTED BACKUP
LOCKDOWN CERTIFICATES
 Stored in:
 C:\Program Data\Apple\Lockdown
Win 7/8
 C:\Users\[username]\AppData\roaming\Apple Computer\Lockdown
Vista
 C:\Documents and Settings\[username]\Application Data\Apple Computer\Lockdown XP
 /private/var/db/lockdown
Mac OS X
 One certificate for every device synced with the computer
 Certificate name  Device UDID.plist
 Recall: we can always retrieve the Device UDID (by using ideviceinfo)
 We can take the certificate and copy into another machine  We will then have
access to the device!
STORED PASSWORD RECOVERY
 Using iTunes we can make a backup of an iOS device
 In order to perform the backup it is essential to find out whether:
 The phone is not protected by a lock code, or
 Do we know the lock code, or
 Can we obtain the synchronization certificates for the device from a trusted computer
 The keychain file stores WiFi, e-mail and third-party applications passwords
 If the backup is not encrypted  keychain file is encrypted using a key hard-coded
into the device
 If the backup is password protected  keychain file is encrypted using the
user-chosen password
STORED PASSWORD RECOVERY
LIVE DEMO - SCENARIO
 An iPhone 4S was seized from Mattia Epifani, a very dangerous WiFi wardriver
 The iPhone is locked with a 4 digit passcode and it is not jailbroken (iOS 7.1)
 A laptop was also seized in Mattia’s flat
 We are searching for:
 WiFi network that the iPhone was connected to
 WiFi password stored on the device
 Personal email password
 SMS, WhatsApp, etc.
LIVE DEMO - SCENARIO
1.
Search for a lockdown certificate on the laptop
2.
Perform an unecrypted backup to access SMS, Call Log, WhatsApp an WiFi Network
3.
Perform an encrypted backup to access WiFi and personal password stored on the device
ICLOUD
 Researchers at the Russian software company Elcomsoft have analyzed the
communication protocol between iDevice and Apple iCloud
 They were able to emulate the correct commands to retrieve the contents of
a user's iCloud storage
 http://cansecwest.com/slides/2013/Cracking% 20and% 20Analyzing% 20Apple% 20iCloud.ppt
 http://www.elcomsoft.com/PR/recon_2013.pdf
 The download operations are completely transparent to the device owner, so
an attacker can monitor user activities every time a new backup is created
online
ICLOUD
ICLOUD
ICLOUD
THE LAST OPPORTUNITY…
 Directly ask help to Apple legal team
 Very difficult to obtain but successfully used recently in a famous murder case
IOS SECURITY IN 7 STEPS
1.
If you have an iPhone 4 or before….change it immediately 
2.
If you have an iPhone 4s or later, be sure to authorize your computer only if it is
really necessary (eg. to perform a backup)
3. Do not authorize any other computer that is not yours
4.
Periodically (my suggestion: every time you authorize) remove the lockdown
certificates from your computer/laptop
5.
Be sure to choose a very strong password for your local backup
6. Do not use iCloud
7. Do not jailbreak
8.
Burn Apple headquarter in Cupertino (just joking!)
OPENSOURCE/FREE TOOLS FOR MOBILE FORENSICS
GENERAL TOOLS
IOS

Oxygen Forensics Standard
http://www.oxygen-forensic.com/en/download/freeware

iPhone Backup Analyzer
http://www.ipbackupanalyzer.com/

Santoku Linux
https://santoku-linux.com/


DEFT Linux
http://www.deftlinux.net/it/
Libimobiledevice
http://www.libimobiledevice.org/


MobiSec
http://sourceforge.net/projects/mobisec/
iPhone Data Protection Tools
http://code.google.com/p/iphone-dataprotection/

WhatsApp Xtract
http://blog.digital-forensics.it
iPhone Analyzer
http://sourceforge.net/projects/iphoneanalyzer/

SkypeExtractor
http://www.skypextractor.com/
iFunBox
http://www.i-funbox.com/

DiskAid
http://www.digidna.net/diskaid

iExplorer
http://www.macroplant.com/iexplorer/


ANDROID

AFLogical
https://viaforensics.com/resources/tools/android-forensics-tool/

SAFT
http://www.signalsec.com/saft/


Android Data Extractor Lite
https://github.com/mspreitz/ADEL
Andriller
http://android.saz.lt/
BLACKBERRY

MagicBerry
http://download.cnet.com/MagicBerry/3000-10743_4-10962130.html

Rubus
http://www.cclgroupltd.com/product/rubus-ipd-deconstructor/
LINKS
 The iPhone Wiki
http://theiphonewiki.com
 iOS Support Matrix
http://iossupportmatrix.com/
 Cellebrite UFED Touch
http://www.cellebrite.com/mobile-forensics/capabilities/ios-forensics
 Elcomsoft iOS Forensic Toolkit
http://www.elcomsoft.it/eift.html
 Elcomsoft Phone Password Breaker
http://www.elcomsoft.it/eppb.html
 iPhone Backup Analyzer
http://www.ipbackupanalyzer.com/
 iPhone Backup Unlocker
http://www.windowspasswordsrecovery.com/product/iphone-backup-unlocker.htm
 iFunBox
http://www.i-funbox.com/
Q&A?
Mattia Epifani

Digital Forensics Analyst and Mobile Device Security Analyst

Owner @ REALITY NET – System Solutions

GCFA, GMOB, CEH, CHFI, CCE, CIFI, ECCE, AME, ACE, MPSC
Mail
mattia.epifani@realitynet.it
Twitter
@mattiaep
Linkedin
http://www.linkedin.com/in/mattiaepifani
Blog
http://mattiaep.blogspot.com