TO ATLANTIC THE What to see, THE How and PACIFIC, to see it. BY JOHN AUTHOR OF "the ERASTUS YQ-SEMITE LESTER, : ITS ITS HISTORYj SCENERY, ITS DEVELOPMENT.' fTHiyt BOSTON: SHEPARD j AND 1873. GILL. lObiEMITE MmM. SCALE J Mcuifr s^r* r.^i. * "". . - ^^^. according Entered By In the Office of of Act to " SHEPARD Librarian the of the in Congress, year GILL, Congress at "" Stereotyped by 5 Washington C. J. 1873, Peters Street. " Son, Washington. TO E. THEOPHILUS General hx ilHemorg AS WELL AS Pacific Union the at THE IN PASSED DAYS PLEASANT of Engineer and Superintendent sickels, IN THE WEST. EAST, R.R. PEEFAOE. Ik I searcli turned and of the to should that, would " dwell there, as to I advantages forming trust of Providence this Uvenin// the for as I have give the me liar pecu- tlie who country, These scenery. turned it." see people viewing magnificent to they to in account judgments. correct Parts well have readers, my how to of I which and learning to California, to see, cific Pa- propose inform so conspired the beholding under what for advantages to task journey circumstances Many and is I 1872, the to pages The they know Atlantic following myself of early spring the journey. my allotted from face in the in health, my ; tell of caption book Press^ of in "Across a series the The in appeared have of letters Continent:" 6 PBEFACB. but have they of been Colorado, forming A full has There Europe, could very and read have A the tried to has unknown friends this volume little are who can been West for To these if April, and ; and means several classes myself. described " ; and is sent it as is forth with on " letter a that its one's to spirit 1873. that mission. J. Providexce, they the Pacific time by make to the only with only who, way find journey. address familiar the out tion, informa- volume. people, many set the Great our upon gladly of book of in ing, min- added. useful much scription de- silver been Americans many informed others are place a there be have and ; and gold chapters, know would there I are only trip, to found ; of containing also who hearsa}^ and several Appendix, revised thoroughly E. L. "Westward ! CHAPTER General Plan Letters. the of The " Chicago. I the of points speak of making, travels the little sees an others. To railroad travel, the the location general should one the any States of his characteristics and of to give in study well of which the and money- Western the of to riding for plans is object rivers, but man, A result of to only not Eastern country. and East California, to full through towns, describe to The peculiarities accomplish of geography ; investment, to eye the the Road. letters, head with of and advantages Erie them. see from Routes journey a trains slower upon with then to way of in interest Several The " series a express-train, an npon the in PROPOSE^ I. man observe to both country, information gaining to facts the history the road hills, as will country, 7 by and passes well be ; as ob- 8 ATLANTIC THE and before beginning and been a In very disagreeableride starting for various There York lines all three are Central,and connecting lines From New for favor. lines Chicago, the to for to this Erie, New- the " point the Pennsylvania Railroad,and Providence or old route, and reach can one there connect with the Albany train from York. The trains out morning and much Erie very of New York which sleeping cars, all carry make the ing-room draw- journey pleasant. more The are compete his well of each. Boston the over study must Omaha; to have pleasantjourney. a one decide his route ment, disappointwould otherwise to California, mucli saves what employed thus little time journey often a really changes journey,and the A remembered. served Road offers man}^ attractions. wide, elegant,and, for These, added the to coaches riding,unsurpassed. easy beauty of Its the make scenery, it a desirable route. The road above its waters, with side ; their faces with Port now fine forests. bank, the along the passes mountains cleft from to River, often towering solid Then, again,the rich bottom-lands Jervis Delaware road Susquehanna,we run covered along runs stretchingfar either upon rocks,now away. along far this its From river, then a richer before it reaches for is picturesqueplaces I reached, where Cleveland, Niagara Falls and reached from Buffalo. We reach Chicago, and kind every that the poured in from Chicago must Now great Korth-west. already erected,and are Some are determined before, expending around often lost not our to less the through way ; ; faith our permanent it more seems for remained, there would shaken un- key to buildings occupancy. that the people than substantially dering Wan- familiar to once the t"f being ornamentation. mere and, had busy, merchandise great city,the ; but streets the are porary great fire,tem- nearly ready in and west her business- a build starts Although many fine architecturally are in in the East be ever ourselves find erected,to which were have Eoad diverge nearly all destroyedby structures Starucca Suspension Bridge of trade. hurrying,noisy marts were houses, farm- uninteresting ride, an lines south-west. houses you Lyndwyllyn Lake-shore the whence from of one and road, just the over passes Hornellsville, by From Buffalo Binghampton, The side. every valley reminds This Wales. on of the most Valley,one visited. view the Hornellsville to fields,rolling uplands,neat Broad meet Susquehanna River; here from than country find. cannot the valleyof the enter we 9 PACIFIC. THE TO walls not of have the been us, we house court- any 10 ATLANTIC THE to tell thing Trade will this of us once undoubtedly from^the mile Avenue State city; undoubtedly have will between west river,will be all the and built up over values estate. real the Most of kept their this be the Such ; and the Buren, promises ; and of a Wabash the of streets far as ning run- the as business-houses, thus and and equalizing energy of credit is business the given was were ingly city seem- a Chicago by was to whom ; two Broadway by the business-men merchants city. nearly interest. pluck as the west largerspace, utterly destroyed so moved Van of changed of with much a shown before never section banks Lake spreading trade of famed having centre once will PACIFIC. somewhat be largestdry-goods firms the THE TO seemingly fire. have in a healthy condition. To ISTew York that better stay to lines west night-trainsover Chicago, leave either road, reaching regular Pacific in of out expresses over from morning after,in the are morning in time for the New looking York, a over day early Leaving expresses. Chicago, where pleasantlypassed very the the city the second the be the by trains,which by with connect or the it will two track be can of fire. But wonder we in must push on westward citf/-hm\dmg. towards Omaha, that 11. CHAPTER The Three from Routes Chicago Northern From have Chicago the Bluffs choice about the Rock Island, about equal which road Island, to the see took the looking The and the 9.45, to bed, of out crossed sections ; call me and was at the of island to about is the offer share competition, The lacking. the having to at desired I first, and the given first second As chose I and Council companies business, Iowa, west, Roads Quincy Burlington. the porter cleanly- a a^sleep. bret^king car-window. river through North-western, river, retired the soon just was at reaching Clinton, at train, and, p.m., the an last corn-lands light looked and Mississippi all these as public, the rich directions and, the jonrney and through the serves crosses Rock ; the The Burlington of profits well so the advantages the equally routes, time. same and upon three of Ride " Iowa. start yon A Omaha. to We Clinton. the centre in the of when reached soon The east bridge the we Fulton, is in two dividing river 11 12 first section The it. together about mile a tliousancl miles two is farther north, for navigable noble " From Clinton last the of the to old we is river, miles its bosom upon the ! ocean through the pass comfortable The point four hundred its march Vernon Mt. to This mouth than more wood, both of length. river,bearing Iowa." garden of in from valleyin the rich productsof iron,the is of than more which " ATLANTIC THE and brick frame houses,the well-built barns, the fences,the sleek cattle, all smack of thrift and well watered, and of Illinois. his lands They as out say paid for,and This house. wealth. West, and is section reminds is rolling, the prairies farmer a ahead, he builds far the fairest country I hrlck a have in seen gets seen passing Liverpool to London. from After reach Cedar country change. Cedar the by land on here, that when of the one the productiveas little a Here we river offers this place,we two hundred are good reach hurrying prospectsfor low Rapids facilities for a in was crop price of raisingswine. The is a of the busy place,where water-power. Leaving For the again j)i'airie-lands. miles,the wheat Illinois the wheat The Eiver, the characteristics their looks well ; and Through corn. badly winter-killed have corn corn sent has now up the forced ers the farm- Indiana 5 and last the and j)oor price. the in store is farmers placedin into tern- cribs erected porary pLace one there thus bushels of town a terrible fire a the Union Bluffs" Pacific we prairieswhere and there " the see wending and men One add has their way who women bear which to but was, hidden the the wealth road here old call the that a stroyed. de- were until The " to stage-roadyou emigrant with them wagons, sturdy are develop the country. to in mind from vator, ele- been, and with only here Along are the of ; and never west. the country, passing through new schooners,"as they land, whose to a plough Chicago, suffered stores, terminus dwelling. Along a must section several begun was in are of west and dred hun- importance, two some the was thousand Saturday last, when on depot, hotels, This hundred a At shipped East. eighty-ninemiles and from be line of the raih'oad. than more piledto Marshall, the along were 13 PACIFIC. THE TO we few is passing along are years to now be unknown an ago, a brought forth the Great unprecedented prosperityof West. Passing along by Colo, one great tornado with of last the country told here, that it would cannot say that description. year ; and that me open he is in gave a ^^ wind jack-knifein me a section gentleman a the the very blew one's good of the familiar so hard pocket." I idea by his 14 ATLANTIC THE One the meets going have to become their adventures upon journey a the through But this car, made to for held is in the days train who emigrated States the old visit to called was of some the recount going now his twenty-eight to Ohio, pioneer He sources re- man, gentle- a children, grand- scattered no cars for before Bluffs;" the great prepare to disembark must we Union slowing had "The opening the to the willing are our all around. and yet the The force train as take bridge. West, nearing ; this do Ohio They say. developing interesting. he country crossed be the to of any hear to very whom are we were and thej^ upon old, there ; to was years was of is to There Indiana or and country, before Illinois, mission and Illinois as sippi, Missis- the of east because West, the eighty North-west the thickly settled, homes. some his Far upon the of leave the PACIFIC. THE from dwellers too bent seemed TO satisfactory arrangement of the Eastern of the Northern better to this city railroads roads Pacific its serve of were the Missouri from has across will patrons. Indian known. been the haps per- Our councils 16 ATLANTIC THE Kauosville, and called was and Lewis Indians, it place terminus the two has made is to routes the incorporation, call always of fight for For so the much to time in crossing over will the remedy this,as venience incon- More river. well new whose of all sorts the trouble Company," "Transfer put passengers California to hard made the terminus Pacific. has plorers ex- is allayedby introducing a cities, trouble and of about a Union of the corporation,called province charter the with council It is the western which being, this difficulty, between a people round the roads,and the Eastern eastern in the Bluffs." The " held Clarke here that circumstance named, was Bluffs ; but Council the the From Mormons. chieflypeopled b}' was as other annoyances. The several ladies,a high school,good for young and the many fine seminary published here, a newspapers churches,all contribute district to the schools, welfare of people. Crossingthe caissons rock, we sunken are river upon in the set down a fine bridge built upon river-bed,and restingupon in the wonderful iron solid city of OMAHA. It is situated about fiftyfeet above the river at high- ten and contains mark, water thousand to twelve that there believe there first are more capital of the made in settlement few other opened over the " in The the commencement settlement Stores ; added to of the and a the the Union time a in for the here and city is quite a : the so tame it fresh gave ful at wonder- and " the saloons." straggling with took buildingsceased with afiair, wealth pushed west, away more venture adthe building of that material road and 1859; the tlie place lost graduallj^ for ment, settle- collected over-crowded citj^, material As in it grew saw Riding had Pacific months few established look ; demand 2* first and infant gain to houses, hotels city. were city; Jones hat." the day b}^ day shipped from was the was and, some letters which busy, humming a villageswhich the A. D. of his crown began of the All was the town erected ; and railroad Territory. here in 1854 for increase ; and speed. were the It indeed, the it was, State,as were to-dayI hardly : thousand. tlian nine deliver the in tlie "'office." means little dependence put in the or prairies, strollingabout he would its population, changing is appointedpostmaster,and immediately was office an at from palmierdays,probablythere squatterswere that year, he So peoplegatheredhere thousand sixteen be but In its figuresstated. populationestimated a people. can 17 PACIFIC. THE TO the tion populaits ; and crowded over- to-day unoccupied 18 ATLANTIC THE buildingsthan I before ever great hotel erected it would and all buildingin Along the buildings; but, for The accommodate reviews From to find a Passable and a thousand which descriptions little more streets filth city brick one-story has its headquarters at the half-past one, " I had substantial some been depot upon on fine place to witness the " in the place. expected; almost but forbid streets devised to come be- make foot. the and be a 1868, and the summer should means persons the in three read,I expected quiteprevent walking,and during about is drive out surelymight have course, but of the This men. city,who eleven,A.M., half-past a of are located established the passablefor Just of the Platte are pleasantdays. dry ; at part, they most upon riding. Of them example substantial some city,were the elite of the see mud are barracks The of the north miles this withstandi But, not- the way in "- eightyears. militarydepartment of here. to the of hopes houses. framed can there streets is closed ; wonderful a country of space " to be realized. not were in this short the and The place. one quixoticTrain " this,the place is be done can in any that the dreams seem philosopher of what PACIFIC. THE saw by the " modern TO startingof the train west the arrival of the train p.m., there is all the bustle great railroad junction. and at confusion CHAPTEE What is Pacific the But Taking night. These heard Por three or everj^ the four and side. Upon of cried the ; and miles built, and lands there this hardy we we then with broad off us ; for the the all are into out A at is engine Far bluffs the vast stretches prairie, frontiersman and the Nebraska. trees, the and journey. along push by accommodating. from are pass of the whistle a : and are bed a cleanly, around for and to we car, day, by are Koad through Pullman a polite part, moves fertile here cabin The " Union-Pacific comfortable, faces is is in preparations !" train prairie, dotted most in the Omaha which Food. daily, running section are strange aboard ; Union the upon Our " the upon drawing-room a the engaged All Journey Indians. leaves a cars of throng ^' enjoy for attaches, train one Pacific. busily Day's The " journey our to the Stations. Omaha entitled A First the Nebraska. of begins. in heard The " State At and seen IV. away long seen, 19 is West. upon open plain, upon intervals, and now 20 ATLANTIC THE then and rich soil for the the up We the from hills West the along the first -Gilmore, and pass train with sturdy yeoman^ a Elkhorn where Papillion, us the upon River, we soon now the upon keep our road followed " Shinn's Our North as Platte. valley,and this Ferry," island an the station near This has been in the is to Platte. "eating an pleasant; other. In has so Valley ; a we of Lone Grand become have the old Tree. So five hundred with the road. rail- ride far,our acquainted with genial Langford for the us engineers going out upon the line of the that highway througlithat hitherto unexplored region ; several York ladies from and genial,and each other. Northern of emigrant river at described graphicall}^ corps which, Island, named Some station." our right,we old the connected have we car our Montana, who Yellowstone and the The crossed gathered here, many people are of far of of Platte catch we crossing to day's journey brings us i?fter each then left,and as way the River, along the banks of the Platte ning Run- in view hound Valley; and,just before reachingFremont, first view the siding. come south-west, w]iich the to planting. reach awaits four,breaking of team our own Pacific to readj'- push city; gentlemen Boston, Chicago,and all to the Western contribute to the forward New from cities, " all happiness of TO other Two and ladies visited Pullmans and car, the as Music the the the upon an the reading,pass time in the the on. '' vocal in and good as entertainment. our dies away far over jokes,conversation pleasantlytill awake retire,to came organ, and prairie, and each car, concert, both jarringwill permit,for sounds our Berger-familyTroupe contains car plains; merry-making we " a us of evening of the gave Our instrumental. order As gentlemen our ahead are tourists. filled with 21 PACIFIC. THE o'clock,when ten. far morning and out the on "plains." We reach Bushnell, where While "wild his in Indian," face,and people in the Europe, " rural people of America they all evince the better red men faint helped by around "Good We us the wild Grand " "Give to had seen a tomahawk, painted a to the To England, all " are them see common their idea Of ; while Indian the " ; few could we course, and "Pawnee" Island,saying, five cents have we " of Indians," and among closelyquestioned about are sight of at Injun ! have " a of is,tliat we forests. on if I in his cap. districts classes you of carried great desire of the idea who one asked often was feathers wore the I push Nebraska. leave we breakfast,and for Sydney give but a been not who Good the came squaw !" !" passedthrough the length of the great State 22 of ATLANTIC THE Nebraska, and runs, wliose broad over tbe little its cities. The fields ; the broad valleysfurnish river-bottoms,rich the road pushed time, became the all the would pass of grow few a departedglory and the Through which the of and California, by the is of the whose The " town time telling whose " here path over gold-fields and there strengthfailed. Omaha prairiesand by ; and of all the the unbounded tells you in the of the citythey sing State outside as Nebraskals." have our liundred first view Hills,often hiding themselves we the to on sturdy farmer Omahogs a gregated con- a now the along near and of miles fifty-one the snow-capped peaks rise high mountains place,for cabins caused great antipathy, Antelope,four we and the over and speak praise, Omaha, villages. short as is marked track their At the point where in pushed of those settlers city. " and business. follow of the peopled with and each the was houses great sins own for towns makes grazing- farming-lands; weeks, and 1848 whose solitary graves there people, growth we pioneersof the immense Omaha, from ruined State Between antelope roughs and desperadoes. A large deserted ; the away out terminus, and in up fleet digs its boles,and prairie-dog high ground along the road, sites As tbe acres look in the west of Rocky Mountains, above the clouds. anxiously,as they seem To Black these impassable; CHAPTEE The of Territory Highest the We in a Raih-oad Woman The " ride of we bears, which stand, with Fifty miles to cotton River, wood- This Platte), before their the is Just dark huge, south sides where are reach we the Mountains, the against Hillsdale, of We Yalle}^, and Rocky often-described the Creek before the us and Cheyenne. antelope, wolves. Plains. South the on Fremont sky. of grove trees. of city division and City. Wyoming; Pole Lodge of of reach we herds directly see Platte miles Laramie " Laramie Little Territory the with deer, and Sherman, " Continent. the on young through abounds found city, the Mountains. Rocky Great " thirty-five passed which The " Point Jury. enter now have Wyoming. V. the of and city, where, 24 a a few houses few is the (the the also few and buildings, road is A Railroad. Cheyenne first junction around scattered years ago, over a extending the of the the of terminus the defiant the Pacific company's plain, mob North to Denver de236t, second form held the sway, THE TO all the and roughs is the station the States fouud from nearest This and is five place Omaha, July, 1867, whicli a and tell you apprehend the witness the that it must, for depot for New of a the to This see wel miles from Sacramento, the 4th site of the and of city; ants. inhabit- the people large city. But a of the Cheyenne long time, militarypost as would though great city,al- a remain freightdestined I the as tributin dis- for Colorado and Mexico. of Many friends our leave We begin to now thousand two hundred Wild, rugged, and Two the float go up quarries in the us. us to start and, amid for the many summit mountains. of the pass here ; us adieus,the signalis given for up in six thousand become removal downfall we On published here; this is to that that from Denver. time, had are papers so sixteen sixty from one home. come singlehouse occupiedthe afterwards,at Two and and ten have a East. hundred hundred twelve hundred a the Russell: who boys their friends from come Fort to Sam's of Uncle many 25 rACIFIC. hill Granite and grand a steep grade ; b}'- Union Canon at ninety-eightfeet are great masses Away of vapor, out from of us on which, now seven surround are engines,with difficulty, drawing mountain-side. we elevation. hills which the and our every and train hand then, 26 ATLANTIC THE the come which to fleecycloucls, reach hill-tops.Again, snow-clad the we the line, rise their granite faces, the render Snow-banks above above the water its alone the distance Elk At are Mountains this deep are the ; and keep a people Long's and seen to the ought station,observing the little should for him. few at much tion eleva- an feet and a half road here the rail- this continent. on one be two forty- NarragansettBay point the is here and mile highestelevation road ; and it must Sherman, is pine and the a scene of paintedit. along hundred point desire to The A paint necessities of about the station. In Pike's Peaks, with the north. air is so in breatliing difficulty ; but train he has reach if of ow, dark, deep shad- mountains two This is the the Peak. Long's growth as prevails; and, storm road in could we snow-capped peaks,with such stages we tide-water. here desolation, the feet eight thousand reaches severe slow the The stunted scene between deeper. By of the twelve in the ravines sides of of these hills. scenery that near, of sea south-west, above sunlit sides,and glistening cedar,all the one did I realize the truthfulness Never, till this moment, Bierstadt's so To floatingmass. broad, dark the seem all is that rarified, still all the to be occupied the different in there time walking is while the about the rock-formations mountain-flowers,which, with some their and tiny blooms, greet the their have There been varieties of and THE eye of the formed and plants upon steam, down a dwell classified the noble feet grade the Laramie to of high,spanning Now their feet above rock, whose Bow, south has we now named the see is twenty-six deep which now even fi.ve hundred hillsides. to a water, Buttes. " serrated sides of Medicine found are the E-iver. the end City, " of extensive natural opened now The station, Eed a approachingLaramie is rearing material,has left the hard feed the Laramie Plain, which appear, mountain-range quitea busy place,the field,over per Bridge and rocks the upon division,the proposed site and half feet a hundred castles from the loose whose among are us away form springswhich We without runs picturesquevalley,through which and domes, spires, the dred hun- creek. having washed To a train Dale-Creek the fantastic red sandstone thousand valleys. three some forty-sevenand one pieceof trestle-work, trickles the the plateauscalled Cheyenne mile, controlled by the air-brake. a in of Plains. Laramie Sherman From tourist, reminding him sisters which gaudy more 27 PACIFIC. TO as a railroad-shops, outlet up of a thousands of the mie Lara- great grazing of cattle are roaming. Several churches,schools,and a paper, tell of pros- 28 ATLANTIC THE perity. The than A Omaha. ; and and the station peoplearound good at other place been erected has hotel have you any here placewhere is the the world Heaven's aid in household duties the sat witnessed,who ever the forms under pany com- well cooked jury of and decided heard of law. It is said that making up away children,sang " 'Cause Laramie is Plain well fertility, a broad of before shall We Lookout, now Station placesthe strike some gay broad into of country by and shape for the color to the surface the hitherto men unknown are clear cover scape lovelylandof here, eafch of from rollingprairiesstretch three hundred great road -hands. as coal-country5 of fine a all west Creek, Como, the to jury." Chinamen"' Kock trial is not " the station,and this far the fury, a on carpet cause with, river and unseen "John the see pass which At us. sit expanse the by fields, furnishing a around to gone watered Flowers lake. mamma's get in a staid at home the hours little baby, don't Nice women all invoked How the neglectedduring were mind the they their verdict. husbands, who We the by first told ; but their obedient we leaving well served. This the since good meal, both a gent-looking intelli- more are and far away. at Carbon employed,bringing for shipcoal-deposits TO meiit far as out of of Green east this region station thirty of stop The up way the down to and, our amid praises is the the things." 3* go Lake Salt which of the to " Him we day, to are We have the everlasting has a west. of who after sabbath Basin. these point and, ; commemorative scenery up this upon a forth. place to once which from away through service a grand will brightly ravines into hold push banks Phun. city, started this pass Laramie deserted has we the upon Little a at night us road, taken we risen deep now overland minutes, has sun liglit our breakfast poor the expedition exploring an A is the on finds begins Station the During morning where Green-river many and ; River, noted Omaha. as 29 PACIFIC. THE created to find ranged ar- day ; hills, all CHAPTEE Sabbath in the Miles Twenty Mountains. Hour. per Services " Evanston. " Wahsatch The " Eocky VL Echo Mountains. hills and The Bryan time into come train-men, ride having is the for request, the Mr. day, and, of Murray is friends with the of is from 30 When, sides. in Utah interesting. very the other conductor, cars and porters, seat. SERVICE. read the after this, Boston, Episcopal the on service delivered sermon the appropriate subject, " hymn, " barren all on eye gain." The ons. Can- Ogden. Granger, Evanston arrived, every I going Weber uninviting, tlie next, SABBATH By and City very meeting to and ours, fill land station, The Territory. miles some sage-busli Passing The for country Car a " " The in Lord, to this our western land," by To Eev. die is 32 ATLANTIC THE stand narrowing Echo be this to the Creek It for the road. the still can you in the never now only clad the mar to the Weber River near Ogden. there is not mountains beyond fertile As we furnishinga this narrow ; and pass region,with the several abundance, the place seems Weber is laid Canon along the is now banks as of the of folly. the Salt and Echo Lake, river,so very City is just it is tlie centre ; and snow- that seems conquered, the rivers mons Mor- springs the into railroad destined entered the troops, and river,it safe road-bed. to up liuge bowlders our flows has man by whose for both j^ass ; but Pulpit narrowest full view the ter en- towering cliffs, of among to come enough room the erected in rise,and its to Hock, monument a open Mountains, is the narrow " takes the destruction now track designed were we happily the landscape, south Wahsatch of top ; but for the the had At way. fortifications 1857 year used were Away the see its the on gorge, mere out himself God ever- receding liills, open speeds ravine, a Hock, Hanging cliffs and train the of part only gateway through which the valley. Castle as through the on dashes, marking that seems Rock, towering view rusli we it becomes until canon which down liills; of the out up of a furnishing fisli in to gain for miles some the portance im- track dashing,foaming, angry TO stream. High side,and in many hillside. bound mountains this road-bed placesthe action,have ravine is cut assumed having the rocks at A of point are called one The " large thriftypine, whose the Tliese form the hardy pioneers toiled through long before the Mormons railroad dreamed was Omaha. from to of, marks There it the pass, before miles a west ing stands,a solitary sentinel,tellthe passing traveller every reared long thousand a hills, serrated was long before here, and ; Slide." Devil's giant came rocks, peculiarforms walls. huge appearance of the The from the strata,standingperpendicularly often each on out wonders. Every step presents new their volcanic by 33 PACIFIC. THE tale of home same far away. Occasionallywe which yellow stone far to the national north, has through and made now where of rock into madly on, emerge into the of forever peculiar large sections famous public park, a a Granite, slate, conglomerate, all limestone, are these Just glimpses rendered playground. sandstone, Wahsatch catch in seen a journey hills. the river is forced between a the the two foaming, boiling current road fertile Mountains the crosses plain of are now either side the well-tilled farms great walls which stream, and Salt-lake we soon Yalley. passed, and of the rushes we Mormon see The on settle- 34 ATLANTIC THE A ments. the of short ride Pacific two TO takes PACIFIC. THE Ogden, to us the junction roads. OGDEN. This is and large But town. will ^^ a ; of many Some propose quite !" you going the alone. not the banks of the pretty settlement to At the and development. signal, we south Here to a this let us in rest for so off of two of way. : start city is " Saints ride the ! '' another and, having ; Farmington, us formed part with we call " been Good-by and the of has place " ; City, been our duties city thirty-six miles, brings growth take must Lake days have breathed lake, nearly of three Railroad. whose are and nearly a the west Salt to go life,and friends, the to Central bless going for and stopped, now friendship of through Utah our has mons, Mor- destined be passengers for ties last God to decided which car, the of cars situation, that where home, which said the leave souls, mostly train our Having cars. thousand its announces change our four from seems, conductor we of city a we along passed hours, peculiar a a day. VII. CHAPTER Young. riding the of city the at '' been have of rate known the view our then the is the and luxuriance; of houses the the cottages and peach In the snow-clad side of of groves the this cars, the in and, people, the of form, draw we in nestled meets tabernacle almost the the adobe city limits, their among mellow twilight valley ; the whose houses of sabbath the weird of the forms rich day, rise Mormon 35 ; tropical nearer, within when which object apple orchards. mountains, the in blooming as ; liour, per first oval trees, then, farmers of roof, the upon CITY. the town, huge Brigham " as LAKE SALT Approaching penned miles twenty Saints/' Schools. and The " Utah. of letters former Buildings. the People, Worship, of Future The " its Situation, Houses their Mormons, My its City, Lake Salt the on great every trader; 36 THE ATLANTIC cottages suiTounded the streets,along either and coming, depot In to of to the few a this see continent, it and of the little Befreshed this given. satch the of the rest settled the the '^ of the upon also to the wilds make ready al- not required The guests will find The start table the out is rooms a part of the spur of the a has been Wah- city being gloriousview adjoiningcountry. from Nauvoo, of what is now " do "' to attention July 24, 1847, by Brigham through be market; which and driven for clerk. much so from town well city,as expenses. where sleep,we northern bench," for good. is located followers,who, '"^ss going is better gold will of the best of late town the westward here trip; for, if gentlemanly and rest which upon city was his The a mountains, the well had by city,to Townsend, the attention cleanly,and this other unavoidable to live at is the suppliedwith in days balance and geniallandlord are Mormon riding from interesting place,and the to pa}^ for meals well abide in see the of people who provided therewith, a a walls sightswe across for over preparationfor house little brooklet hotel. our stop rest, as the broad gardens ; rippled a ; the stores the are " journeying to side of which worship, with of houses one blocks long ; luxuriant by Young had is The and j)ushed Iowa, into plains, through the mountain-defiles, and this TO valley. This band zealots religious of government, callingtheir State Mr. Young president, a " this to Utah As day. did much inland is well and and the which through the the valley. As followingthe Valley by the Emma Mine, the by we golden Kuss treasure. * 4 This name ingressand Parley Passes, the off to the old south, Salt Lake canon. Canon, looking south-east, wdiere considered now the land of the is located the world. mines Valley mines signfiesthe into came turned Brigham Pass, where see Wahsatch, of and street, and is of this which Kiver, and enteringthe which sixty- mines Canon, argentiferousgalena deposit in west rich of Echo and railroad, Cottonwood he time Mormons the out main of Oquirrh mountains, through the first-mentioned the holds farm-lands,great the east Emigrant are came Weber Little he governor valley in The of which we Standing in see east former left stage-road we was deep caiions extend, the only doors To the he include on the by \Yest egress. electing 1857, during which iron. situated is bounded on * office which mountain-ranges,and lead, gold,silver, cityis " Deseret known, miles of square wild seas, organizeda soon whose developingthe Territory, towards five thousands " title and years, until for many 37 PACinC. THE are exist well honey-bee. the richest To the rich in known ; 38 ATLANTIC THE and, indeed, every and canon great inducements From all the the snow-capped all River and Jordan they streets to have structures contain and the Tlie only can and find you young Mormon prevent within not their friends,by Gentile over the an stores,upon words, "Holiness Mercantile with people here,to the of the which the fortable com- is gathered perilof Mormons had so a sign is Zion's fended de- by know may placed painted a larcjeeye, the the people try it,undisturbed church not opening shops Nature Lord. Here the from ; and has church The occupy That edict are seen. Luxury brothers alone Institution." tial substan- merchandise they trusted to ite, gran- being elegant mansions. boys. of their faith. those and good thousand her around they would good temple." prosperityare girlsand their " needful, but town, which the that the the and erected; and .the dwellings stocked well are well are hornblende a Many of them of her votaries many to stores been some Outwardly, comfort hills right angles,broad, well-shaded, twenty-two neat, lake abounding, and graded. extent some which all at are oak some seen, points the The erectingthe are are some view. sandstone " and in are buildingmaterial, of which from ; and year sent pre- miner. hardy mountains maple, pine, and wooded; The to the streets,the mountain-side every with Co-operative followers are ex- 40 ATLANTIC THE seem galleries said sitting-roomfor thousand ten in be to high,where be can the of front uninviting. the The depart in peoplecan building: he very preaches; for the one There that so are form plat- is little all looks cold arranged,that so minutes few a which "seventies." doors probably either side of the on is Immediately then counsellors, of the seats ; pulpit,raised or from deacons; and the the the for paint,as yet, inside and desk a Brigham sits,and then bishops, are is There thousand fourteen comfortablyseated. organ below, one next numbered. incapableof being the all sides of the from structure. In the asking chains attached was the as At of opening of ox-teams, hundred and best If the was and the feet eighty-six eacli corner. folding scaf- make pairs re- operation, the floor. done are their upon carried architecture. the stone a was out, Until hauled by mountain-road,so It is to be slow. necessarily upon to in the plans of age that to which wished been all railroad, high, and, spiresat from twenty miles,over some that the work feet the the down, holes,and. told was use, is saved little has temple. worthy let they expense but this time it will be a when is sixty-five feet ceiling much-talked the much thus their be could little numerous friend Mormon our through them : noticed we ceiling a dred hun- ground, ninety-nine by and a half,with towers TO As would you expect, Brigliam lias enclosed plat of ground his various are well so of his some with houses,called "c., his school-house,and is not other as we if followers, not as " and large a able valu- walls, within The " cultivated fur better at 41 PACIFIC. THE The " Bee," buildings. at " Lion," His scheming," are farming." theatre,the council-house,the cityhall,and The are all stone finish. There of of which none buildings,of several are can we published here, much say versity uni- architectural some newspapers their mechanical abilityor farm find it ; and expected to good which good to as their execution. MISSIONS. all of have denominations Several which, we have are justcompleted a held fine religious purposes wards, over founded stone St. tant-Episcop Protes- Mark's, chapel,where here, and services regularly. THE For missions flourishing.The told,were were Church have established in by a are each of bishop; which and preserved. SCHOOLS. the city is meetings for The divided are into held, presided political purposes people of twenty each these ward, visions diboth 42 THE Mormon and theory Gentile, are largelyin so fact,the The control. the payment The Sunday the of of schools the We took their views, and attributed their attempted to break three hundred three months were not do They the in troubles not license their tenso ; new one arguments came are wives into favor asked we their that admit in arguments and, when by upon least dealers the troubles. satisfaction still at none all attributed ; but We interposition. of husband's fact in polygamy ex- plainly,they had often the paid at their tone them were their answered to be Court: divhie to fixed sum their defiant them lished estab- system to which Supreme in any deliverance their heard of the spoke month, conceal to attempt leaders The of rumsellers,who the terms " All accede, hence to decision recent of the dollars per advance, gentlemen,hear to their down inclined support. buildings. same customs. by the city government. was all upon to their for Mormon their observe recent the as VIEWS. call upon pains to free are in the GENERAL in majority,they exercise, tuition-fee held are church; but, schools small a schools,-uhich the govern independent are Mormons in ATLANTIC unhappy house. that the when All woman to a their of Salt Lake is not is his but ennobled, slave, and the made of equal of unworthy condition a " 43 PACIFIC. THE TO our man, and age country. Their religioustenets be quotationsmay show may their plead, and we she mother and say, reach cannot she ; and numerous that, under ride grand, the about a As know can presided over through use by a the and enclosed by coolness even streets the favorite is of the and irrigation, grassy under the still for can ings, buildwoman organization, A be. never the roads Mormons are farms by in fair number houses in the are dition. con- passed, one the have views of in ferent dif- country, each wife. conducted from city,furnishes a glidingalong banks, gives to a city womanhood. the wealthier town, and water, which The for the of the CITY. THE of his wives number of she and delightful, front-doors,although parts : Bible and lands city is inspiring; the houses the of men noble matron OF the scenery the their social and true a SUBURBS A their their merchandise be ; but may pleaded; gains, their material their stores be may summer's sun. the City Creek good supply on streets either an side, air of 44 ATLANTIC THE BKIGHAM is,of the course, his secretary we lion " YOUNG " be to introduced were of preserved,good-lookingman air of face,the open stature, in short,a as and with seemed to His me as He is address the well- a ordinary the many select from in good, easy wins conversed we is seventy-two, with frank, would you suavity which that him. to gentleman, above a man of talent. one By politenessof seen. friends. speech, Thus together for he few a minutes. He has taken in the prominent part a ments publicimprove- Territory; organizinglines telegraph; building railroads a between of communication avenues in the He is beloved his by of presses, stages, ex- ; and the opening various followers ments. settle- ; and over know that the people he has great influence. Thus much for was a were that long be time unsafe forbidden the even pie " that were Danite ham men were warned pill" taken to and the in mines too of from the often to do Territory; or themselves missed course the silver;that out was still we : open Mormons prospect for gold and said must ^-councils their homes forbidden " were ; that Territory; and administered. invite tiles Gentrade on carry were that life that Had ; to held, peo-, the Brig- immigration, to-day TO would Utah of the Her would in mineral peopleare that Mormons of in ; has lived in the that time. and two-thirds Territory, again,one-third of whom do not believe in the the telegraph, and railroad, is to this land a instincts? The thousands calling the school must with in follow ; practice practisepolygamy missions of will our her the mines, of her climate, given to wiselyand justlyin Let us pray now for so soon accord with the occasion will be furnished act ; that hope not we ideas will be new the of whom, her borders ; the church problem,which attempt to solve it. the the people in the salubriousness Congress to this or years probably,at are Mormons, wealth into risinggeneration; and statesmen belief and civilization in new velopme de- placeamong increasing.May of her soil, and fertility are Territoryfour There are their number new and trade thirtythousand and national changes: party is being formed. new a the themselves,respecting time,a hundred carry her,probably,the first great change had taken a polygamy, within this of her mountains. impulsesto new given ; and gentleman who me with the noise certainlyworking some coming are told smelting richness in the Union. railroad is The fires of echoed have made have constellation our the wealth mills,crushingout resources m the with ablaze the hills would ; and furnaces brightstar a States,her lands of A been have 45 PACIFIC. THE vexes lightand and the our ing deal- all who peace ! CHAPTER The Central Lake. Pacific. The " The " Humboldt VIII. Town Corinne. of River. The Palisades. " Ogden which take we company Having good last home to of Browne, travelling the minutes were us, to tain. Moun- of days thus Eastern Ogden Providence, Company, as we lar singu- a in Europe his on the to found who, entire gives train, also we before, in much adding coaches. By us. left we the upon At journey. several whom Pacific, sleeping awaiting Erancisco, Car about in and day quarters friend a formerly Pullman the both our came San our As "Battle Central the of cars accommodations coincidence, October the own engaged found Salt Reno. " At Great The " ure pleasK. Mr. agent satisfaction way D. for the to the public. train started past five, and beheld become nights. 46 off from the (Sacramento p.m. many familiar new in a depot time), faces, ride of with two at we twenty looked whom days we and 48 ATLANTIC THE driving of the the the last which stroke spike. welded the The lightningsounded iron bands uniting the oceans. From SALT GREAT which lake stretches is w^ide ; contains south,a mountain-like several these another cattle,and are with the Weber, Jordan, Bear, lake has visible no in, the the is Some which scientists assert be feet fields where being The now from " higher than the under darkness the carried explained, this how when yet this reduced are salt some that hidden lake ; but the waters the the waters sea by is left by wagon-loads. away the with easilyfloats rivers ; and summer size. of this lake person other that there is continuallyflows to twelve margin of less waters Its waters outlet. evaporation;and along and a into flow forty-five horses,one The sheep. There surface. others with impregnated with salt,that so upon of is stocked islands,one This sea. islands,as Church, Antelope,Fremont, Stansburry, and Of vast fiftymiles long, and and of the LAKE, the to away hundred a is to be had the best view the hills here stream, fact one are now some settled ; Territorywas early pioneers planted mains re- their grains the waters. is now upon us, and we must retire for TO good and American miles of a " As seen A few the see miles cattle and on, division second station is distributing point the this Pass, towards looked after march the with for several which the Humboldt cloudy: so the the stream we us, we Toano, where at first The Loray. to it must begins become a is and through and is a to ; the a of day we pass looks brook air is daj's they toiled around muddy ground resignourselves which the country mere former exposures Through Cedar climb to of emigrants The the our mining-districts.This hardships Valley. of sage-brush. Ogden in time of Nevada. desert. stillupon snow from place,the road enduring the uninviting; some extends longing eyes, across the ourselves long out (the Humboldt) begins. importance in first of Leaving find located,that so look grazing among we division (Salt Lake) The few a bed signs some justrisingbehind sun sixty rise the Kange, the day,the to we many about remote as with us pass of waste that runs through run begin we so ; window, with the morning begin to night we some Goose-creek to be vegetationare vast doubt,at lake. the rougliridge of the train furnishes Utah, and Desert, saline vast a in without square, coach During stations Our Pacific. luxurious bed. clean unimportant Great the and slowly; very a the Central first night upon our 49 PACIFIC. THE their enter very ; there is cold,the sky of very uninter- 50 ATLANTIC THE only brightened by.the hope esting travelling, Sierras. reachingthe of which the location we point for the nearest stop seems to demanded to be suppose We settled, let " As sparely determined describe the river which us in are we fertile section,but a " at stations railroads, perhaps as interior town. some Vallejrof Humboldt, the the by soon strange, but which so us then and now of the line of the road. RIVER HUMBOLDT is of the mountains of same hundred two some but,when north ; Near the and a river flows for in the " vast lake view pale moon : with : part of this lake was to the south side. the lake into see miles thirty-five seem to be almost had Sinks long Lake, Carson flowing into it,but the name^" hence tlie way be added they rivers muddy, upon the crosses some to this must two of Brown's, we it is rainy season visible outlet Our called a points a running, rapid some Garlin,it near Avide ; and ten at the in westerlycourse a ; sometimes miles fifty passes station the which and road The it takes name, but sluggish stream, river. importance. Rising little real of stream a one, " with no of the Humboldt." just after sunset, with beams and shedding her justrising, upon the the waters. All day long wo have run through a very unpromis- THE TO the service of the road requiredfor at the proper such, for by is to be journey is to the that ourselves console in the of employes shops those vast and houses As wastes. of this tameness for the us prepare is we grand sight-seeing, of one erected Winnemucca and their as buildings. out us be must line. begins; of the finds Night again the and cit}^, the far the most to-morrow along division a make the company make intervals here Sucli stations unknown. ing country, unpeopledand are 51 PACIFIC. grand must part of our of the passage Sierras. A hour the mariner as " up, and us sees " observations lookingaround out upon found some we Canon in either look up rock-faces close,that of which its rise we so seem does not is tion, posi- our dailytakes ocean his the great placein a possess sea. grandeur high, and to be no press the interest that Canon bleak, brown, yet gained early an to find out Echo or there will be engineer has and us; PALISADES. Weber points,there the his to determine THE Humboldt refreshed has good night'srest another ; but forming a still,at deep the victory,and as us These walls. bare the but strikes which rushing into escape ; is river gorge, so out skill of the built a road- 52 ATLANTIC THE bed over and there the wliicli we of iron seams riches which hills. Red feet twelve Cliff is the above miles the in the old hills for meagre dark barren, a their The plain. building;and by has been UXTAIN and throws to the up weary During Truckee. Tahoe near empty and the the over is and the The river of that name and long from Lake. and the hotel,and a " entered has by a den gar- tain foun- refreshingsight wastes. two the valley of its rise in Lakes branches,until, river),they unite, I refer to about frame irrigationa good barren flows creditable a of the the west over little to bunch-grass scattered we miles with cated lo- save past night, Pyramid in opened see the Donner, about ing frowning sides,leav- sparkling waters, traveller sand thou- is large mining-district, a cultivation city (named into only ten its been old STATION, station-house to brown road-bed. clay country, made tell of gorge, have craggy, for river and hills far away, the to narrow here and, jealousof their towering for freighting-point in these by This to pass; space which copper, store length, seems us observe highestpoint,risingsome BATTLE-MO the in water. grandeur, they raise a and ore held are safety. We in pass two and this little valley, wide, because here it early pioneers,both the that was desert,found the food furnished themselves their from whose resting-place, a and horses their for and coolingwaters nearly dead and exhausted teams 53 PACIFIC. THE TO shady trees toils in fields green cattle,and them gave and whose strengthand hope. KENO. Of this place every and sixteen hundred hundred a and has itself in reality givesto it is the nearest miles due north. boasts importance is,that any we to purpose are justleavingthe on over here our is full return, Lead, and Comstock famous mining-camps stop twenty- some country all around The and We Eeno " VirginiaCity,the mines Crescent,"and The pointto VirginiaCity, of interest ; and visit " inhabitants, great city. a What one called This Sacramento. thousand two and Omaha, of west of east fifty-four little paper a twenty miles is said to contain livelytown It is situated heard. has one the in the section. little station of VERDI, and are eastern fairlywithin now side of 5* the Sierras. the The canon, toilingup river rushes the angrily ' 54 ATLANTIC THE by confined us, within thickly covered the cross for which greet now with the with us stream, with The the clear a whistle country, its wealth waters of timber now the around can is in its and fine made. between thousand the many be of snows and old the of trees, banks of birds,a cooling a a good town winter,traces block and hotel into the northern the place, country five thousand above tide-water, and three Tribune"),schools, all built with of which the and up this at five hundred are by boards is elevated (''The the to up heavily-timbered a feet forty-five paper the of excursions houses upon draw saw-mills,turned thousand two The great drifts borders grand soon ground, The has peo]3le, churches. State,'' whose upon now we Golden huge piles of is said to be eight hundred contains we In the midst encumber which from and with sides sun. river; There streets. " toiled,but pleasing song sounds, and Truckee. in have we hills covered depot in the in the are little patches of meadow-land breeze,and and timber; and, toilingon, and dividing-line, the land " with rock, their of its walls are sides regard even now of the to seen buildings lumber-piles. Here we enter division of the minutes' upon the Sacramento and road; and, having improved stop here in looking about the the Oregon thirty- place,the bell CHAPTER Truckee The Sierras. Region. Tlie " Placer " From about the is slow doing now indeed a The of river to casting the up then Eleven called Strong's, and miles and higher, 56 and or to quire re- Our cars. mind are we selves them- engineers crossing " pines beyond climb the ras Sier- we hills, see to we tortuous far below the upon firs, causing tumbling of Truckee, its and the surface the beams early glisten, the between until his great to sparkle, and now is mountains mirror. higher in the ago, accomplishing, sun lighting snow-clad seen years feet, the bear must we fifteen sufficient draw to of hundred grade a " engines few of morning the a Cafion. railroad-car. landscape, the mile, hut ; what, despaired in the distance a twelve nearly powerful most in Summit, to American " the of Mining. rises feet Summit The " Mountains. the down to road the eighty pace llun Truckee miles, Snow-Sheds, "The Hydraulki and IX. waters Donner Lake, shine enter like a canon rising course, us a the lake, ATLANTIC THE tlie line of the braced and againstthe in the so that dark are still remains to four feet in Some landscapeto Even After the and Here served fairly enough to air and with ! one a ; and with a rush voice cry, napkin ! be somewhat " " the snow drift from two at the could not such as themselves Steak Even disconcerted a pairof quarter,our a station called cooked they at waiters expect appetitessharpened by long ride,seat a tected pro- sides of the well good breakfast, a althoughwe in be snortingand puffing, whistling have we attend the passengers, shall for which a a during the view road it lies in iron horses stop in the snow-sheds "Summit." there to-day(May 16),the hour an way, will find Yankee great, driftingsnows screaming,for and ings open- of the most huge pilesagainst the deep. the tunnel, of which from along inside all From snows. gloomy,for winter noted. so sheds,while the those from Sierras and in while summer; enter now compels these regret that necessity this beautiful to open way We since, glimpses of the landscape, this section. in many fierce tell shed cannot we are all we ugly sheds,so littlewhile snow-sheds,framed, boarded, catch we sides, that lovely, which,a impassablebarriers. the line of those well-built 57 PACIFIC. THE lulls road,and themselves seemed TO when have mountain- table,and ! coffee ! bread ! trout of company at such a all ter ! wai- regularswould confusion of mands. com- 58 ATLANTIC THE Looking here upon around the our station,a singlebuildingperched mountain, perceivethat we sides craggy lift themselves their tops,snow-clad,are Here which, one the to the by west and until divide,which the form mountain-streams, all of of many course bare another upon are lost in the clouds. great granitehills these determines Sierras,whose the higher hills, peaks of many by near windings,find many their way to the Sacramento. " Ding !" goes start upon we and little a down hill. run is two hundred and so under full breaks at below. axle,we an We control am told seldom is,sent air-brakes controllingthe With of be No is steam of one quired, re- now train is propelled by which, down hurled is those or into of a the glidingalong steadilyunder No from attached, and against accidents. fearful still the valleyof great speed,held a would are the sea; sand thou- seven now great, that the of the brakemen. the are is cried ; and sixty-ninefeet,and and chains, by the breaking chasm In We five miles. grade being or for hundred the wheel the " forty-twofeet above the Sacramento distant a !" All aboard the bell. Truckee without other every all the care, and train,great be, and I train should risk is precaution all the run having upon devices such a grade. running from Summit to Dutch Flat (thirty-eight TO fall three thousand we miles), nine feet,and six hundred few and Bear considered catch sightof of the reach long and By tunnel to we towards dozen miles,we the enter feet between AMERICAN down that sides, into old the rush and trail, a road,so mountains. ride on about of a CANON. walls perpendicular almost the waters restraint. we can the waters. the So roars hills, smooth stand upon Erom sand thou- two the the and brink, cars, sional occa- views, grand and imposing beyond description, attention. We stop a rivet our Flat or whose after ing Los- the tumbles, impatient of look the high,the river,hard pressedby sharp-cutare and old head the tions, unimportant sta- where the valley; and, GREAT Here, under Yuba Pacific. the pioneer,crossed the pass Gap, the we farther on, the reach soon Emigrant weary down and towards views, we As glimpses of hills,and, its way thousand gradeswhich, only a American, and, passingseveral we a tliese the thirty- insurmountable. occasional between River, winding and four miles), (fifty-one " glidealong,we dashing six hundred twenty-one feet, were 3^ears ago, E-iver Colfax to 59 PACIFIC. THE German cabins orchards. are Level, " adorned a with few minutes pretty town Dutch at of tidygardens miners, and little 60 are differently How the emigrants inch,the of of now ! and hardships? dreamed us THE for hundred a AND engineer for of those know can and Then in comfort. pioneers could be toils have ing cross- SNOW-SHEDS ; the longest tunnel feet,and fifty-nine eight to skilled a ? nigh fiftymiles and toiled luxurious steam-engine would the day in now of those TUNNELS hundred sixteen along who Nevadas the Sierra from and that this continue iron,with by by inch, they inch passes; this train on from Then, inch ! ago foothold,as, carried are mountains gain a higher foothold,or a of horses driver,we years rugged the coaches,with Who few a even keep to down clhnhed crossingthese we toiled to teams equallyhard a ATLANTIC THE hundred ranging many and being feet seventy in length. The their in they a snow-sheds are cost of about that the and construction framed that snow this road upon and ten from erected thousand falls here from great avalanches from the mountains the necessityfor into these those as the on Union : here structures, at permanent dollars per mile. Knowing sixteen feet of the entirelydifferent are snow to and valley,we structures. twenty ice can They rush deep, down understand are so con- with structed^either side of the while the sharp,slopingroofs,or against the that mountain, the taken are employing watchmen and to prevent along the road ditches filled with dug are near around supply,and "claims" from Nevada, into and Gold The whole and the on few miles like those a claims Blue which are the beyond, through County, and great quartz upon growing them. upon doubt, the has fine cated lo- which Lead, of Sierra without was, stant con- are large"placer-mining" district tract river the various to on the as a the furnish and little ditches narrow valleys. These Kun, the from action of the water found carried largemountain-stream, which away having the hills, tapping through a part the best accidents,in see perpetual snows is known great beds, within worn These in extends once running water. what upon a miles,we are below constitute for now, where safety. MINING. the sides of the its source, State. in readiness. engine always in an fires and them, over passes frequent intervals,and at HYDBAULIC All snow trains,as through a long tunnel, pass Precautions water 61 PACIFIC. THE TO in the bed piled up of these particlesof gold, mountains Petrified the hills by trees are around, oaks, the manzanita, the mahogany, " and the now pines others,ir 62 ATLANTIC THE peculiarformation,which this in width. miles in extending with out nozzle is hillside. carried miles a '^ the directed long flumes, of the bottom gold, which is its by often placed are a -against liquidmass, one flumes to the in is washed dirt soft into these fles," rif- " flume, gravity own bottom, and is caught by these riffles. Along are flumes,at intervals, out the dirt has " tail-race Within length. the the wood, flows water miners action the and large stones been full,the be the of telegraph,hose the gravel,and, forming "arresting" seeks by flume this to which little slats attached " for is this through in claim; six or is taken the water long, narrow a five to one ditches attached,from By the from away is the over stream, and constant the these From which telegraph/' " a is from washed. stationed pieces of When the is turned water men, rock from riffles are and ofi", who which the supposed to dirt the throw is taken out. The is a next process sheet-iron diagonallyover box a is the with a little of the use long tom," which " duplicatebottom than more half secondaryiron plate is perforatedwith it,in pocketsmade is by placed the quicksilver.This to The a sluice-way,and dirt which has been the taken from the upon "long water This box. holes ; and cross-slats two the extending torn" turned the is under bottom, tached at- now through rifdes is now it. 64 " j)lacer'' on to a THE ATLANTIC or ^'hydraulic" This he explored San we in But been we mountain, talk and my upon formerly, from observation, we learned and flora from of land, Also gold. of the section ton, Bos- in which, Dr. from much and 1849, A of geography, the which through journeying. nearing are called of may that Cape " mining beauties readers before than the visit to of climate, have carried now fellow-travellers our search Francisco geology, of one returns now extent obtained was with wlio is which begun. was information conversation PACIFIC. THE mining, less much very mining quartz TO and our know famous " Horn ; and miners, ride how " " we double down must observe the for to and " tumble stop the few next the the our grandeur miles, horn/' that CHAPTER Horn. Cape Ride a closed We sides the of known last our Oakhand, to mountain who People the of out place their the left the far, see little really is a building his far and brook, this of road '' Indian below there and the first us, a the little into failed to the bridge. we a v^ii^ driving the hill, like looks spanning Now very make of river, which plank the round we around loale-face and road, left, our all far to As looking on which crests hill; from chasm mountains horse." iron large turnpike 6* deep the cunning across glory that over bleak shrink timid snow-capped craggy, directly into dark, Even clouds. trail down the HORN. naturally are cars upon up rear we that as CAPE or the around of vicinity in seen Francisco. San winding the in is What opposite were we as " " " Sacramento from The Rocklin. and Pacific. Western The Sacramento. of City Auburn, Colfax, Stations The " X. it, which sharply turn 65 a 66 to right,and our the across a chasm THE ATLANTIC lose sight of look we As side. we down thousand Gliding slowly along,a trestle a upon long, and take to hundred a which When we this and in this by foothold this we labors which "While we we have have been reached for distributingfreightfor camps, the No with one the depots You company for tlie Bet, have and and view can the of As vice-j)resident. York, hold; foot- a road-bed herculean without directed energy Grass peaks, workiug-place; pretty town honor Little Chinamen looking,admiring,and in of the the bed road- mountain accomplished this result,and skill and the joicing re- it. ing, wonder- Colfax,named this is the point Valley,Nevada, other erected is unattainable. so labor,to struck being which themselves a much .bringsus upon the to pice, preci- low. valleybe- high, built,the passingin safety. are that American and yet enlarged point without Juan, feet us, was reach seventy-eightfeet and from ropes the left gorge, road working-place,after which over of of our and near to the to thirteen this so down turn way into positiongraduallyworked the the saw section lowered were and safelyover us some brink feet hundred eight just as road-bed,seemingly within along the run a river;and anxiouslyfor look we stone's-throw, the other the see we the mining towns large and merchandise,which San is taken stantial sub- by "fast a freight expresses" (four-horse wagons light load,and horses)to ready to county the although place for along At be may by, and in sides we been plains of good time of American River itself upon of the gardens " a upon the in orchards. early the of some We of scenes handsome a " old the great picking our the land American the As is the of either and the now are Plain." ; We make marsh-lands over the river in the suburbs and Orchards side; flowers send liftsits great green fig-tree us beyond see Valley. and trestle-work, upon whose left behind are cross this leave we we rolling, River has company mountains, down way, meadows, and City granite found manner, bridgeof wood, Queen are perfumes ; the the over home-comfort now round-house. and and, although still the from foot-hills of have even substantial a machine-shop place,the business, still the the miles thousand a buildings; and, indicate cars, the at work. seen built Eocklin, near a " air of no where mining-operations, settlers substantial dozen some Auburn, at well-kept gardens and and neat has are mails. stop we on, and the from houses, seen hy relays of rate County, containing neat many and passengers Placer of rapid a carrying points. Stage-linesalso farther miles seat at interior the convey people,and pass driven all the Eighteen their 67 PACIFIC. THE TO us leaves choice to the 68 the sun; of ATLANTIC THE soft,balmy air fans What summer. were in up needed now cars, and land in the are Only the of of all " ! change snows fire in the a we the a clieeks, our few a hours cold Sierras,so overcoats our " ago we that we besides ; on almost of flowers, tellingus tropical luxuriance. the Passing the supplies of but the the hundred a and this hundred here and to San Francisco,by the cars presented itself! of every nation, speaking language. city " and Here the diggins" who belles near the " cisco Fran- two roads. at seventeen miles ; Oakland, is of Here who Grolden come to town were to Gate altogetherthe most take young men a " and mechanics old miners for the jargon while; a cars " ; platform,what gathered persons are tongue, every country, meeting had the upon merchants were occupation;" old " to San hundreths way ; miles. thirty-eight scene a given seventy and eighteenone stepped from we is terminus the of the River. western Pacific union to Omaha into Sacramento the was depots for taken soon the of the about from here from As are completion of the Western distance and we banks 1870 year brought The repair-shopsand company, the station,upon Until great brick men waiting " for for of this from the the ionable fash- the with "a of no city ticular par- chance," "cosmopolitan people" I have As met. ever around talk the see you these,we and flood,after sojourninga day Here the "overland added coaches for run to what see looks pumping the upon strange water of wheat but amazed be Valley,which than But a hundred we are we miles out We the the shall try to up, with of the Yankee away soon the from the the which begin mill is,the wind- oftener skirt eral sev- station,and We ; that of fertility and crossing, to the along destroyed by river. barn, and stretch ing inquir- buildings; but, is made vineyards at are the a blocks large tank, built a the Fine air. great fields can into to is here. two push we along house, upon the in up ; and they met, one city,once express" distance some or persons bay?" city. this of description those other the from out journey. our great State House, with little of the see better give a stores The river. loftydome, stands save to the their nice fruits and every going substantial some frontingthe street its friend,"Are Here pass and Pacific,as inquireof for Frisco?" hound of his We along the Central stations you the to continue time the train,they would entered them price of the the await so thirtyminutes,we people, observe ask to some, flowers,and "Are train waits the among ways, At the 69 PACIFIC. THE TO sometimes upon stilts road ; and river. We Sacramento extends more north. nearingStockton,called " The Windmill 70 ATLANTIC THE City." As the city,we can see of which A the of stop Golden little of the but from Lathrop, the junction traverses the San which is a the of push through on several stations view the of ahead offer another winds itself of canon. still discern the the dashing river Presently the the dark the junction of to see the conductor " Joaquin River, the and train our between this Liver- through dark tunnel, we quite dark, we now great mountains either on are can side, with feet. our station Niles San Oakland cries out out to seem but out a a us. insurmountable; its way catch Pacific,and which high hills, Although the miles, and many far behind see we Jose the country ; and gladsound Division, which towards away it finds at importance is Occasionallywe Rushing through the of any The " for uninterestingcountry, by along,twisting in Pass. fairlyin far us impressions away the San account. no barrier coast-range,until more rather a the for the Yo-semite. of the Sierras snow-caps Just of Diabalo Mt. are we Joaquin Valley for favorite route from pleasing. Visalia Crossingthe great bridgeover we wise no station next removed place,the minutes, and The Gate." in depot are few a is somewhat station ! " we is announced, which branch. can !" is only wait But, while Oakland It we and were many is now too to hear wishing, passen- CHAPTER in Arrival San Francisco, XI. and First My last which San of from the the to itself pushes city that and bows, of the which the cold hung lights wind us to think a singled us now rather out us the to up cold about of city, came intended it our for the and 72 bay. We in the : but porter of great crowd, and to giving all our about whom us was true the in seemed time much had welcoming But baggage. had " unhappincss, fog mer, sum- House now our we a Lick a told that not the get were Tliis had Ave to frequent afternoon. the friends faces, quite inquiring dispelled the were reception ; trying our rushed irresistibly going fog, in the we the blew bay, up visit, and, soon into across the over and, bridge towards before long boat; which usuall}^ coming to the long Point not was peered the upon Oakland It upon we us from out the City gained Day. with Francisco. cars glimpse closed letter the of Impressions of written California and made our come," wel- us ATLANTIC THE feel well,that so wind wharf ; and us order,awaited and Tired were exhausted ; for hotel. for first DAY we SAN IN down streets car-riding, the upon good breakfast, FRANCISCO. but ; his as with the hurry left we our for fro house, Street, and of all bustle lack confusion,although just the hour every to and California towards Montgomery forciblystruck were all business went dations. accommo- night a jostledagainst his neighbor in and for every expected a busy,bustlingcity,where had the what our FIRST upon done continuous our us all in rooms, hefore coast, which, together with prepared us one Here had we such by sleeping away soon Pacific We us to the landed the carriageawaited a telegraphedthe day " fogs and sail of twenty minutes driven do, the to vote City Front," where were should we " at we proper one A '^ 73 PACIFIC. THE ready were luxury." a at the we TO beginning general business. bankers and brokers The just preparing their were ; but and opening their day'stransactions balance-sheets, all wore a look little knots the had Pacific. been here An of despair,as and there " upon inquirydisclosed tumbling for the began men past the Wall the few in to assemble Street " of fact,that stocks days, and would 74 ATLANTIC THE probably in (May 10), stocks unknown rate a hundred day It for the first who the upon the show it to be market will When as in search be, can day of a sooner fortune or and dark heavy gloom filled and friend ; and time a and self my- stocks the footings our of dollars. experiencesof others, ? Do of this dangers be to were the stocks shores of the from aires j cline. de- another of depreciation that noon people learn plainlyenough Sure of the to A brokers. risingforty-sevenmillions the strew in up gambling stop which estimate an despondency and of bankers made and circles ; and Friday/^ Still lower go millionn hung a " it seemed clouds The dollars, saw were ago at nineteen black to Board and ; " the were tlie days losers. were houses few bankrupts financial over a hundred as stocks of meeting to-day made all that true too Men when hereafter down from case one week last tumbled had three than less remembered only was in " of Friday mines all the before, dollars to be to to-clay. On lower go sea which of wrecks stock-bujangtell beset who one this upon later,you the not barks em- flood. angrj^ ingulfed in the are maelstrom. But w^alk let around upon Street. us turn the away from city; and, that such of course, fashionable scenes, we soon and take find a selves our- thoroughfare,Kearney A had We the coming down a a the dressed as on, and side their a " writer says to convince that one toilingfor The a To Friscans sometimes " the elaborate to become of but build their ugly. ladies walked that the ladies dictated,making, filled the spacious colors, styles,fashions, feminine the requirea charms," expression very has been long stay " for here overdone, and peculiar,ornate, them blocks often used can and tellingof attracting any me taste hold we is very three,and iron without bouquet of "a ; heavy cloth,and pair of told suit of a summer-time costume streets, or accommodate owner and in is legitimatebasis. prevailingmaterial when hat fancy and business architecture grotesque. dark soon It does not advisement." now ; of side by perfectmedley material, tellingof this Yet the they promenaded one gown winter. just as forms, and " a dressed one ladies perceivedtwo we hat little observation churches, as in street A notice. the " long fur cloak New-England down far before street, dressed other with SIGHT. throughout,with thin lawn the STRANGE walked not 75 PACIFIC. THE TO is the afford wooden but to and one and often earthquakes,the houses only two, story high. redwood it,they are ornaments, in The painted; but, covered such excess with as 76 ATLANTIC THE In day one little of the be hasty impressionsmay The people whom affable,ready they are very The weather are the have about you is their be supposed to is about which city,of in this sun when ; and climate, that houses of to fair June a 65", and, little uncomfortable a extremely politeand are proud. thermometer you show to these ; and seen closer observation. changed by meets one be citycan it is that ; the the sun, desirable so "the to tisements adver- in the see you let,"c., of out day rooms are sunny." We took along our the the over the overcoat, which by city; and upon still the the into coal-fire in the of their like grate. streets to take This : but the first experienceis very out of the : questionto hardly business or does urgent one sit out want lying upon refuge they tell weather summer Looking of found we the over fog rolling in shivered spirit.We evil an spiritwas hotel o'clock three ocean-wind, surcharged with down same for, after lunch, we banks huge cold you ; garments. see the hurried,walked driven of west, you fog,rushes a,nd wind serviceable most hills to for the prepared were one us, until we before glowing is me may to walk social calls demand a It is during or ride it. were ple fed?'sam- a get used unpleasant. of doors rections oppositedi- in the to it, utterly ing even- out, unless A dinner good which gloom very before the good the first day the city faces with the ^' old bishop would bay, speak of this drive to the early ; but Cliff the seals. 7* it Friscans to being her at ocean the visit my Gate," as of -^' the the enjoy their and enjoy ; built back, of is that view what '' old yet the very, first as sula, peninthrough the " other used we and son," les- But only to-morrow is endeth narrow seen son, sea- there thus Atlantic ocean, are coast. reached not that pleasant a upon navigators House, and dent confi- you the Pacific the the they endeth say proposed and tell that Thus have we ; the dispel to and satisfied, him. of Golden ocean," pranks " creates to stay be to one blessings as cannot you sorry much fog days, unpleasant compels of which with their are does afternoon's an assurance these hotel the at 77 PACIFIC. THE TO enjoy to shall the XII. CHAPTEE Cliff The and House View Francisco, New how Pacific, and "The Lions. of San in Sunday " Dedication Stone's Dr. a Indeed, all after this, a of a about 78 ; and little so fills the blow in the the drive than a liked. air, and, we able indispenstown. ride, that, The borne " the fine at was ing Appreciatsecond day off. were upon I city, the through mile be must wonderful in sand, of is this lunch from Cliff Cliff? the the after little we to for more No is morning out prepared we martyrdom hills been you arrival drive necessary first House. Koad this into reception Cliff skies, the Cliff-house estimation showers the are the the my Have our look pre-eminently upon " fearful over proper so breakfast asked, drive which blasts how the to tlie in least at been the are angry a to the the and House. " city, has he matter how ; A cold no even seen observed. this seen until Friscans, or Cliff the of it is how lias one matter was and Rock " Church. No of Piazza the from Seal Road. the sand the city from Pacific 80 ATLANTIC THE it be to watch, the varied unless interest, out the the great sand-banks made field and ripples and Just as curved towards way, house The sandy inviting in whereon foam serve them rather who Among as their in ; but howling offer the out house their and the to ture crea- ocean, Seal Eock, in their antics drippingwith in out all tails, great over business as great sides with their out nor architecture, inside left,the your sides " Cliff- brings you built its looking rocks,their with nicely lavish hand. paddles, hands, rocks sharp a of the enlarged stretchingthemselves now ; lashingthe or the a colors. very more and disportthe great sea-lions, rubbing now pretty the veranda crawlingup now evidentlybeen little to a a structure dispensedwith Standing upon takes level distance wooden a its appearance are the to over changing road of beach. is neither comforts have, is has increased,and short a Cliff House rocks,and you the look or beach, and, by let down and the upon the are you piazza; down the wind, approach the hotel,the you down grade the observe by surface the " the ; and sun great fins, which feet ; the or time growling, to amusements again now the ple peo- throng this popular resort. the lions which in the service fun-lovingcitywith of have grown old and entertainingthe populace its strange freaks and ill looking of this pranks,and whose Butler.'^ Ben "old and Headlands, all the ; and Gate called \ and they be picture must have must one called of the other the around been ! sea the are enter, and and through The Japan. from rock,rise majestically the air clear of with beautiful of are seems golden,through which China to who leapinto farther must port path good his last Rock a and peace take of this shipsseek our where hills, sea the commerce which the soon left is Gull our greatest bravado, is For Ben" "old lions,may To the rock with to rule the and over-feeding, squintfrom now eyes 81 PACIFIC. THE TO fog, and here,and at this rightly named the settingsun, a stead road- narrow "The Golden Gate." For miles beach as could you ride can you along desire. The as pretty and sandy dashing ocean at your feet,or surging against the projectingrocks,tells our "other called this calm; but Then " the laid out as waters,"we Oregon, or will not California the indeed, upon are to knew been was far an Atlantic. island told that that a or which desire voyage settle the Shelvocke its waters and north the to to of were so character. determine mainland have we us Navigators its southern enough If you Alaska, will only hope of earlymaps island. an blue "Pacific,"because they only they had whether the ocean," a ; seen, try its " and, it is pacific north, to Portland, question; Drake, and and you their 82 ATLANTIC THE had compeers, this great our as Its waters ocean. neither ocean, and sends which once sought have been said the down Cliff be to coffers of Cliff Houses not, in every else best-built hazed freshman the famous into the contain: road the a been, had the over the of now what State,been streets into it is so of have this back us hotel,as thoroughly initiated House, and gold which the might in which pretensions monuments there took of the Cliff soil houses" "house" old thing delightfuldrive some last, much so whose but by around, deserted number through Houses, the of stand A bay "other are entirelydampened these as the into this extent, by the considerable a Cliff House the but ; blue as rock. decomposed Around clear as named they before evidentlynot are they are undoubtedly, is caused, to mining, north farther sailed a city,to to nopoly. mo- road, and mysteries leading it of it,as great mysteries of our the is a college life. Let this not any famous a live torment when you here written drive, lunching taking to thing sight " of his visit the Old Ben enemies, Golden at deter the you Cliff Butler," and State. from House, and should disgust taking his he still friends, TO SUNDAY We and the tramp was the Fourth saw and ^' of place a the of to There were circus,and sights,but for the extra at the gardens : the great for without sent to the of ourselves ^' Sunday find little takes the islands in her " Barnum " " of and day one holiday peopleinto the bay, the to or Garden long Pacific,where to-day? the parade ; Woodward's of the and at more Providence whom for go the great was " golden shores The theatre the at great places, Woodward, some Gardens. little bewildered a villagesand all to City all must so pleasantSunday still every every great shows perhaps to-day a " wives sweethearts, them the a walks side- adjoining country. attractions told that with busses," and take and be confess " placarded with to were countr}^,to the we with men their would Woodward's people, California into the cars, wliich all at We of rest. boats,the were hotel-window picnic. The some it thought we with by eight o'clock, resort,"or performances that the music, militarycompanies,each their way on conveyance horse-cars but From of martial time a children,oftener, perhaps,with hurrying to sort the sounds July. three filled FRANCISCO. soldiery. Por of hand, marching were with of less than no SAN IN awakened were 83 PACIFIC. THE and ; ago could how, in 84 ATLANTIC THE have the What After House Cheer breakfast possessionof friends ; but we : so mining ourselves the found we to passed our forced back them should it,we have Paris, where the In friends which with said to Dr. the dedication Stone is house city,and is situated and building was The them stylein look described brilliant as passed off Stone is the like " it. The we had to the very to very hats probably Street. hundred in accompany large; and and dress of sermon heard from the him entire satisfaction popular with of denominational irrespective the the The finest the dollars. sity peculiardiver- of the ladies of one doctor ; but in for lot cost thousand huge nosegay,"as a again of church-edifice, new is Post on rising a congregation was of know not we we gala-day. arranged of the which back were seen, pastor. this Architecturally the Did the great had afternoon,we had we in England. made complete tlieir numerous manner certainlywe Sundaj^ is to ing, spend a quietmorn- to the in New Sundays for over go in boat Society and Turner were comparing been it not contemplatingthe strange sightswhich and camps ? German a city,had bethought we to church Oakland the in entertained been tlie visitors from by, would gone years friends our not was still the of all people made services present. of differences ; and as the Dr. city, his teach- ings works good and 85 PACIFIC. THE TO have influence an which is far- reaching. Thus begin Sunday our a something week of can was passed; observation, be gleaned out for our and we of which readers. shall we to-morrow trust that XIII. CHAPTEE Impressions after Wharf. Oakland " her and life give to have I What " City. of the A Tribute for making material readers my spent now opportunities me outward is Peculiar The " from seen to the in San chitecture. Arof Memory a judgnaent of her and I will development which views Francisco ; have formed been deliberation. with As of Francisco. Streets Churches. which week given try San King. The has in The " The " Starr Week a is well late I and history of must The the place deeper the commercial and perhaps fortifications, 86 rival a say, of the seems the about building San known, city to city, the the great of then the already the city of the early of the Spanish established. of with site exercised the and the bay the early built is Oakland where site superiority by side unacquainted one water-front assured, Island, Oakland the on greatly Goat of occupation that, for is Francisco Pacific. days determined selected, aided, mission-church The and city now ; 88 ATLANTIC THE liamlet from crease the people gathered in her saw fightsof flagsof the and bull the nation every from town, and to I and bearing the livingfreights, ships flyingthe saw the to I city. to plaza,witnessing the bear. coming town new-found harbor, the carrying away den gol- treasure. Now far cityhas the Mission as used Bay, the towards stretched to lie is to the west and covered now the ; and has been filled in to find with covered Around have stores little remain to and look upon a the banners, at over city,you the the bustle the land west long lines the and to Montgomery ; there by a shnibs, to shipping,with the war-vessels decked which the but love early days. As of of storehouses and the of the old inhabitants some) ridingat anchor, gayly then ; and noise tacked at: enclosed trees the see and been scenes wharves, space therein their merchandise plaza has the bay has decay the dwellers park, to which think block mile, the a Hill fence,and beautified with forever come you to tell of The ISTiantic " instances,substantial Telegraph emptied of settlement. iron neat been more, large brown-stone in many buildingsand remains now early the a The " as " deep water, and the whole large,and, storehouses. both by south, miles,and two east,for nearly of stores to to the place where The ocean. far away in cover Mansard ing fly- ways (al- bunting, the low roofs of clock-tower on Street,all come the in view. of Russian then gentleslopeto Mission the south bay is From the upon between each the towards over great sandhills, In after ten part the the season of the year. Montgomery the next the street the west must in treme ex- the down San Francisco. ated it is situ- a which arms, narrow pass Gate, which of all rise pass taken is the from street principal west, and with parallel trade is with over to reach the tlie the western upon the prevailat this and over trade-winds,which whose shopkeepers, 8* Golden Street, running Market, a away ridges,or the the To as visible, moruing, hangs town, ready to be city by to we out a months, generally, fog-bank, summer whole south which o'clock in the of the To bay. to the stretcbes away other,leaving only makes south laying ; and of two the the foothills separating is not the southernmost the to Farther South and sea open them, which ocean. docks dock dry city,the towards jut out fronts the seen cityis the west. to Cahfornia on are the land bay China the are they the tliem the Hill. Bay, with the from ocean above Bising and beautiful cemetery; a Commerce, Mountain, where is Lone above Telegraph Hill,and of form house-cappedsides south of Chamber the bare bald and Kearney Streets,and and Montgomery 89 PACIFIC. THE TO Telegraph ; while Hill Kearney, it,is attracting the ladies. New 90 ATLANTIC THE whicli Montgomeryj that by street Hotel Grand for its and name, by cutting through inconvenience Does The wooden pavement ; those There macadamized. are laid. are the upon walks that is the style,which road are used. it is with them; the that difficulty Street Clay of Many being the a ples? exam- city are of the plank- of many the streets one suffer. such all so drive pretty good streets plank, all are can side of streets, where principal business individual portion nearly are of sparsely settled in which way or more tax-payers furnish too are sidewalks The the in and the portions of business in the streets the but a " location expense case one Providence and Boston not great in : personal ruin, escape may streets new at the officials the change to of ruined, city as old enterprise been either the front one have who, those of unfortunate an private individuals, attempt trade which upon of whom projectors,many for extension an erected, was is good example be to was kinds or test of steep, very up save even down for pedestrians. The around horse-cars are the and, required to hills ; draw a car compelled then, even up to the make often grade. long four detours horses are TO THE We the Dolores Around are of the bear the neither are old adobe the many which BUILDINGS. old marks elegant architecture the of speak very higlily cannot city. 91 PACIFIC. THE church the of clay houses of generally small, one-story, three-roomed quitefine privatehouses cently some but all and beauty ! seem that unhomelike, and so The House-builders loill call " and have to seem October that every hence deprived of they are the crack,and the Grand ceilingsand The high wood ; and earthquake. all that extent structure covered are they which become the Bank for its offices, although to eye, the our a best The most for that large nor of : ing impos- harmonious stituti peculiarin- to such of an repulsive. The California of fall they buildings are very sonry ma- the Lick " somewhat ornaments, often specimen " newer with neither the will style which great hotels is considered an claims. that chimneys to has too of proportion, quake, and will facades: the Occidental front,but ; " present long and " erected of all grace out so E-e- accepted the situation, earth earthquakeproof." been all architectural sacrificed taste they have " houses. have publicbuildingsare rule, a destitute so ings dwell- The comfortable,as nor Mission still remaining, century. a of has erected is, pretentious, gracefuland classical 92 ATLANTIC THE architecture. Hall City new the Neither far are Treasury Building advanced enough nor the decide to their merits. CHURCHES THE not, are as them among but there of Dr. all church is almost the in which the his which the has better, but harmonious look of in the The century,"and Calvary The pleasing and a of the designsand well is designed,and lighterGothic taste,as the Episcopal ; King in its interior the cultivated of opera-house. an Starr '^ blending adjustments societystill worship,has " ones, proportions; its appearance lamented front, shows in ugly new of harmonious gables, windows, doors, "c. of church fair in their lack a and used, Several all creditable. Stone's,are is in them materials lines in class,at a the as teenth seven- ments arrange- wisdom, of its architect. Just outside the the street from shade of holds the cherished gave in of her the infused now a dust she name of in is the sent little fence,and iron of Starr King. beneath the New England "eloquent divine," the Pacific ; and teachings into honor,and yard, separated sarcophagus which this need, to life and own speak his an cypress, when trying hours his by Monterey best the church, within revere a who peoplewho his memory. TO Was a this from separated from forgotten her recorded King, noble who In and my of something so I next the repress a tear in of the land noble will schools, of the visits as cannot was he England, a tell and, Chinese. son of the before gardens I leave such had grave nearly his and his legacy the long done, life his no so This perpetual a holding be- received she ? of memory remain New of son " mother into been that band, The ended. utterances every the of rest nourishing " seemed mission him the had in loss " well. so ripen flag who sister, far-off old " her for principles the loved they repaid her that fruition, glorious harm and influence her whom amply England New not him of children their telling 93 PACIFIC. THE ; of and the remembrance of of the Pilgrims. their and San flowers, Francisco, XIV. CHAPTEE of Gardens The Schools. Horse-Cars. round riding amazed with tliem. Hedges trained against or in the the is in is gardens varieties the we rival of cedars, the from palm and all the many its the ; ; the growing in foliage fast, so fig but delicately- feathery grows all England. with evergreens, trees, New streets which the without doors the its ; pelargoniums, in with ; diameter of out along sequoia choice other windows, witnessed Australia, and the roses, pej)per-tree, the fuchsias in tea in grow geranium; above growing cypress, size ; 94 ; never the ; in fish is one which plants inches shade-trees saw leaves to bloom sight of eucalyptus, said full a lack fashioned the is the four stem pinks, " a tre. Thea- Their " Francisco, liouse, reaching with choicest protection, There the the and with San of city gardens, made century-plant and the the tree, a cy. Curren- and Life. The " Religion. " In Banks " Their " Trees. and Plants Interests. Chinese. The " " Their The " Manufacturing The " Francisco. San the and several arborvitse, in luxuri- ; 96 ATLANTIC THE Society. Music instrumental ; the schools the is and, in not are city,whose the the schools to ours full of interest is in the kind. any the union Chinese The of the and produce " Mission Some blanket few labor ; " is made itself and Woollen Pacific with to being " is now to so from near, supplywhat click puff of the of keep so Mills are this company, their and our carried which since the railroad full of workshops are are and which life, being fashioned which exchange cattle. and in loom, lacking,which useful grains and : completed of the hum steam-engine,all States will need Chinese done was products,both curiously-formed other over. cityought to producewithin machinery,the so to the world is ning. run- forced with on these, but little the using machinery the of by now, limited,they are are ISTew-Englandcities that within visits to manufacturing justlycelebrated shoe-factories The the make Mission but, aside Chicago " very of fabrics,among great variet}'' a cing advan- instruction. little citybut market Our to INTERESTS. labor, enabled The creditable they are popular education. of mean branches, fosteringand in MANUFACTURING There solid more but : wise peopleare were prominence,we of the some up interests mucli given too and the tell most ornamental, for the er's farm- TO BANKS THE As to is well and us paper when AND to now That very and they has are at last has recently been lieu of pieceof for national a one-half used, after A quarter dollar a was dollar a of a four- bit " departed, and remains, a thing any for they would bit " " being a bit what " is '" piece,""c. the ten you the the people. say, A dime. stamped is demanded silver fives. the taking as a person piece,"a that mean is,that short The "long you No bit ; " tenders and should nickels are has practice buy payment, would the a " dime is avoided try half- If you in quarter bit." coin as change, which man, of " a this well as who The earlycustom two-bit a which ninepence (twelve Now in chants mer- called hand cents and always nomenclature bit,"and " a equallylo?igand few was than issues,in is experienced. great difficulty they return as whose and use gold bank, old an cents),which for a note, paper the bankers established,and money a convenient more seems only gold learning that using gold-dust ceased, was and used day it as refused j^eople, eagerlysought for by coin,are smallest to this acknowledged by demand in the of her many now duly honored, is coin, is CUBRENCT. known, California,unwisely currency, silver. 97 PACIFIC. THE to seen, pay and leading bankers, I think, are be, short for : a so about very now 98 ATLANTIC THE our common currency eliminated I discover two the as first, gold and used to effect influential South ; tone to all California an immense Kalston there and, although so was paper. course: to was a of this ficult difmust large and the to majorityof a minority a gave Bank The measures. gold a favorable always was and politicalacts the it there were influence our ago have and, secondly,it ; who minority loyal people,still the in currency, change a would accustomed been paper adopted had, long determined said,although I regret it,that very State greenbacks which peoplehad always matter have to general confidence the reasons having coin, never be by better this and, if ; the difference between been been have it would satisfied that of and wields leading financial institution, is the and influence, ably, tliat is it has by presidedover confidence the Mills and of the entire financial world. HORSE-CAES. The of manner " And . The cars four-horse are For . are ai'e are cityin the cars, " dark, vain, peculiar." of all sorts cars, and that ways for tricks that . the getting around down and to a sizes, " one-horse two-norse car j and cars, the TO pricesfor ridingin three cents from change, you a in The ride. " few a be ticket of any to such genus And institutions you have The company. is " the How that it is in words the Pacific,the upon car- people I submit suppose the a same Boston. say that of seven-cent a tell ; but " been printing, substantiallyof few on have for change; generallyex- not takes line cannot one do no dime a collection a roads other company a now is, that,after three-cent Frisco " pay the inconvenience in they have varietyin shape, color,and for horse-railroad As tickets,or days, you surpassed. but vary, like the cars, cents. seven forced to take tickets,which, cannot to consequence " Frisco these conveyances up are 99 PACIFIC. THE greatest of all the CHINESE. If learn their ever of this "native the preserve many there white a curious study which it is to people,who, transplanted trying in heath," are customs repaid one, of their this from foreign land country. Meeting to with difficulties, suffering much, working hard, they still succeed their was own in maintaining theatre,and in not their at own all Josh mixing House, with the race. There are, at present, risingtwelve thousand in the 100 ATLANTIC THE although there for city; demand the labor the country keeps They Street,and Sacramento around in the section the in figures stated. nearly the very average their for still large monthly arrivals, are swarm tered scat- are throughout the city. For the in and It is the arrayed in " and ; and slippers, ungracefullegs goes " sends and to Your dinner white as snow hat so in a no "John," is served the about his work ; and thing else any of his at least hide without in John," is weeded large,that,looking down or "John," a thick, bluster, exquisitelyprepared. "little a garden your trousers dishes naman Chi- a black pigtail, heel big by is tunic, with whose table your have to cook your blue neat here custom sive, submis- ble exceedinglyvalua- are neatly braided, reaching to cork-soled a sober,kind, and are places they chsimheTmaid as and certain servants. as who part, they most as by another, it,you upon bamboo save tunic see braided into peculiarshape. The and Chinese in this signs they will Lee, come monopolized the laundry business excel. little doors over printed High Quon have Hi You in little Lung, washing Boo, for your or Le linen,and nicelyprepared,and at very around see buildings, upon and Chung, return low the city little which ironing; Hup either it in prices. one a ; is Lee, of whom short time TO Chinese for so them majorityof and doing; but, aside faithful at their are addicted are that I fair game It is knew ever of these of of centre this: A this, a large work, learn, to easy practisedfor the seldom now an even number in crowd now wagers as or against him. If any the advance must little board a upon the lays down When checks. stick placesthem experienced eye away, 9* in of will tiaos the bank, back by one the banker the banker money in the laid being The squares. one the of one as odd an the tomers cus- banker settles up done, the umpire, with the checks from for ivory the pile, large pile. The Chinaman, long before they detect whether the a the his ; while money : nearer either Some the centre from are party loses,he are pose. pur- umpire sits bets,then one off into a the money amount; all slowly draws all drawn other If this large heap laid away heap. much marked coin. the there that " of representatives use in something the same a left of the wagers fiftycents, over him hole a and up, Upon table. only grave-looking Chinaman long table, before a is taken banker, who the and to be checJcs,or chips,round, w4tli handful his from giving but theirs is the gambling; to simply sits at the head " notice, or without exceedinglyneat. They of quitwithout servants reason any 101 PACIFIC. THE number are is odd 102 or and even, The house " Chinaman checks," w^as to of to read by far fairer that great It is I ready Bret tell others "how " their I made native the tongue, whose done." was : to from home all of them count, and acquaintance of and frugally;rice food,with chickens,of which " goes they for his in many of ture, cul- friendshipI prize. live very fond, when from pass come simpleEnglish words at Harte's tricks to it den formed rightlyin- all his about than Morrissey, am there." been the the Chinaman but gentlemen, not only of intelligence, They bit of privileges gamble, the plan of and intelligent, in accounts. and " have willingto knowledge Chinese the for evidentlylearned are keep chief who of them how advantage, save no by ex-Congressman Californian,who, Many have practisedin run causes manner. if gambling-saloon, those had old know and other any a charged adopted and by with to This lost. or animated seem is won highly recommended. modes some has and, if people must ; at he most would Saratogaowned or a which fee is the in banker small a whether so generaltalk a ATLANTIC THE a get them can hit of pork forming their the}^are ; chicken. and Tea often passionately their is their last favorite drink. We lunched one day and, for the at the first time fashlonahle Chinese in our knew life, taurant, res- what a 104 Their Joss-houses good, the the the dishes of food gods ceilingsof the sides and is beaten These Adornments eat. to times at temples if he had a The words whole its that there good do two are do bad not that it may not ; of in the exercise by keeping him chiefly rules of life,which have taught after death, if the dwell in peace and care must be any to evil good he as writes,he its terrible be the lest may old way not But they spirit, they do by followingcertain proper spiritdoes This can good, do evil the power. the from good, it it cannot fed, and well The the evil. it is to appease believe They : and as evil,while happiness. taken continuously,as religionis simply this, way; traditions them almost the they try so door. soothsayer,who a development " but the near legend. spirits, do harm cannot only good : may forms the cover great bell,which a by writes Chinese the designs complete; and, to of the of stripped of the worship, stands and office, great book the mutters for placed are over all of and ; and presided man kept burning, odd of rooms of are sits in his little is taper of images great prince,"c., before the great abundance in hideous pretty princess,the evil,the sandal-wood whom fete days upon their have they heaven, of out cast attended are Here church. their of ATLANTIC THE in philosophers live,that to come, they heaven, be cast shall constant out, like TO the whose man house as their the honest, are natures me to not to to and ; injure opposition class, but any to with all, and do more rapidly increasing As soon the as allow them When I they it will been, saving the whole So and my from voice no is ruin is for an dealing leniently they Chinaman, with his many or side by are do it. East fitted derstand un- and for. interests would praising faults. of they of which it far is to the continuing could labor, opposition, enterprise and East, of side advantageous people the kind hands their grape-growing how leads labor, which of their of the in or the as Chinese weeks five in which, part places the cease proud, other form are places seen utter country where the be them of than will such of speak have laboring-classes present take to for their take and The a them any share their them, to be to Joss- philosophy lost. not soon their them, gave of in up deep a seems study shall we into come which close a that hope Confucius trait a " set is time, they have of lapse always There warning. a religion, which with is image 105 PACIFIC. THE in fornia, Calihave now perity pros- work. his virtues, XV. CHAPTER The Hotels. Lunches. Club. Libraries. The " Art Home. and People The " and Artists. the The says. Before As of reputation thronged as general greater discount It city can is often than live the formerly demand, stated cheaply 106 the of is hotel the used life Hotel the and, ness-men busi- family great a spread wide- the all dining-room city. ; homes. ; brings Lick the while elite was tourists with is is to not being supply property cityLick, pleasant " filled No at a sad now. elsewhere as " oifer cisco, Fran- Grand, houses large San liotels. the of magnificent the it as just ; whose with tlian Gov. what about say Occidental the halls its boarding-house, be made four it is is new, to to Cosmopolitan Grand the have be to The supplied. and I what ought mention Occidental, and Francisco. San of Bohemian " closing is better Future Free " The " Island, Goat " " Stanford Pioneers. The " Amusements. The " that ; but, at the you with Hoffman can live cheaper this in I accommodations, equal in New York as at ATLANTIC THE TO either of the first-class houses the THE You meet whom We which and a of their make my cityand they going were New England, to the the met, through land the banks. children, all talked of though twenty mother across the slow ox-team. it and to the They that had as a all day of scenes Hudson the the weary and with mother, and passed since class of To some questioning you made to Pennsylvania,or father,the the mountains are, their power flows the noble home, Francisco, rugged of country attest. dear, from they succeeded, weeks seven little ones, desert,over well base the San all in how The years only the people of and home which you throughout great farmhouse the its villa-crowned with a thought was back feel many stay in this far-oif citylike State,did of so at sojournpleasant: we is quite But prolonged stay a whom even to adjoiningStates. proud let before,that excursions upon indeed, men, foreignland, making to start the Hoifman PEOPLE. known expected stranger in and : hotels. Eastern many have you home. so 107 PACIFIC. here of American plus ultra ne THE closely, father, journey plains,in people,very the pitable hos- ^ and stint. and spend free,live easily, Such a peopledemand their money placesof out with- resort ; and 108 ATLANTIC THE they have this in them city in form, every gardens, " where saloons,skating-rinlis theatres,circuses, place of ice,and floor takes the viands set before are bars fitted up are here panelsand with Street,you bits such whole da,y,drinks the same, where a a dime society,and make In are drunken excessive East we and use as this drink It profitsand the price is always other are places orate. is less elab- orderlymanner, Let seen. one and live peculiardevelopment opinion,that intemperate use open for two dinner. the lunch is to be he is forced to the its sale and the observe wine make the There where man California near proprietors.During in the most on free yet they succeed,and dispensed;but are carried here, and stop the ; for their is charged,and noisy or while could man cents. twent^^'-five " All a a establishment an fortunes making that silver. hours, elaborate an artistic most certain by purchasing a glass of can, costly of pure and places on some free ; and costlyplate,and bar bars, during contradiction a on carry not in of of the (twenty-five cents),obtain seemed are all the and lunches; choice and into the mirrors appurtenances at are elaborate most worked mouldings,with all the There the in and perfectly open choice woods with manner, where restaurants you. Liquor-drinkingis the polished a as behind of one way liquor is in to to possible. curtains and screens; TO here in with velvet-cushioned a THE carpetedwith room and few sojournhere,only a These seen. but liquor, that doors. During intoxicated persons lessons some to evil which an is by street whole my have the favor been of use that be drawn may furnished to the open stated,not are suppressionof the in facts Brussels, and chairs,and plate-glasswindows 109 PACIFIC. will aid cursing the so country. cityis The too to have young libraries, picture- many museums. or galleries, The both are creditable,and, they distribute ornament a to fine THE PIONEERS of all those day freedom the be room. first Mechanics among frescoed societycomposed the the libraries to some priorto the in books their they believe that is Library and Mercantile of Institute with members, for for use, not who landed by them on January, 1850. Montgomery preservedthe trophiesof the rooms deeds old are are the "bear-flags" adorn It nightly gathered so closelyconnected 10 Street. of the and those with whose the mere a has a ing build- Here earlydays walls; show in California hall,offices, reading-rooms, library,"c., in owned which are California; in these names founding and and 110 ATLANTIC THE visit the K. W. through Van meet the very men of whom own lips of the struggles in their kindness giving entire and comfort much happiness of hours these cosey glide away and the upon Here who from is we met M. out fitting him- as all Wreathed " Such during the Hebe all and of their elegantly-fur complete visit. my city; Here the every evening, are parlors genialspirits ; and faces of rounded sur- Coast. to that pleasantly, so their desperadoesand freedom the me afternoon,after business,and gathered in from still harder those literati of the added room there CLUB of the artists and composed read,hear Pacific the to and hardships which and BOHEMIAN THE is had treat rare Alen, Esq., we infested long so a we hospitalities freed the country of the which struggles ruffians who us State,and of the birth the to was society,whose of this rooms received It the State. earlyhistoryof cares are the gotten, for- hang smiles, brings." Pavy, the distinguished Frenchman, an expedition to gathered some facts upon the north his pole,and proceeding in 112 a " of the View and the among in is truthful the Dead a deep the on of the caverns the brown This than the the when rocks us, effect of his fish in which in the placeof fine tables is gone. Loomis which, though in or from grass: and them. " one, A the by fish details, animals with to upon attract tion elabora- too much looks never upon the of its character walls much better lying it reaches time the several pictures,he water, and the A and his most draperies, placed it failed by game rocks landscape effect. of most A and cliffs, the paints his " here, gave drawing fails in in surroundings. first drawn or the picture salmon, and exquisitely-painted still-life pieces. Por spoilsthe as great surrounds located now artist but truthfulness, two sent of the alway but The shore. look Prairie,"was, capitalpicture. Brooks of " the see you pleasing pictures,of the greatest canvas, dashing againstthe cragged showing very Mule upon present here, sends dreamy atmosphere which two pleasing"bits put which Lobos,'Mn Kidd, formerly of Albany, us " Hood Mt. browsing and feedingupon is for the of the Pacific waves '' and quietlake. Point from well so can Hill,who Thomas His full of those of deer herd this,the margin he which Hood" Mt. in the Yosemite. grand picture,and painting in " Eocks Catliedral is " city, is represented by the from " ATLANTIC THE a landscape, attention,still was choice as coloringas this artist in pictureby drawings,gave not, Mr. the has Loomis Miller poet but ; and said pictures, without with to be the called good ; art the by and we Island Company. I had took an who scheme," Mission we from the should 10* a few the Tojettisent would stamp, collection The room the lady-members ; very master- of ture, piecesof sculp- attractions. known it is to the take was singing enjoyabletime. this of the something city,caused termed, and Central any the matter. by great " The question Pacific Pailroad second thing at personallywith discuss their of some ISLAND. (itbeing almost alike state Congress than interview to as Bay Kather occasion understand have in of old which has stirred this which excitement ceding you drawing number passed a GOAT Undoubtedly mistake we several ; while large a chief pencil- some If A presented a portraitof but originals, decorated tastefully of the Pioche,togetherwith formed Goat place,and and hesitation,as copies, the late Mr. was Irwin Champion These, one. exhibited. satisfaction. charge of public schools. of those any another much us 113 PACIFIC. THE TO Gov. hand and St"anford, The impossibleto find I city,as any two feel alarmed,that,if grievances), grant the railroad company even the 114 down, and city,as a San of lowered York within only but ma?/ bodies such in this case, if there people had better The in out acres the to gave to ; and the not company Bay the this tract alleys. As pass an worded, it a a mittee com- secretary: for good ; the this and filled sixty the they this been board those streets indefinite rather of be had asked mittee. com- city some avenues this cover, a The to of giving them perpetualgrant : bay extent and was such to is this compan}^ order peoplethink,that,under to obtain of streets platted. The to supervisors future matter land any grounds for danger, the their trust to have and impotent to deep-water-front, and sensitive more real any Mission through surveyed of a are their sion feelingof depres- chairman generallyare find now injure their city. They hundred, with one bringing 'New markets, people the city,and buyers,instead The here. Francisco San the makes thing which of of completion the of business great metropolis. This the to way to The of real estate, by days seven lessen tendency to a city. injuredthe the value being forced having make would steamers commercial a as railroad has hence of " Francisco the all there, terminus their China the transshipped;that railroad would the freightsover all the at its wharves this,be built there,and rival to a immediately levelled be Island, it would Goat of use be ATLANTIC THE are bay and ; and oring endeavIndia and the basins,freed from China side city's which of been not the in to "The to our arisen at Kavenswood the the on Island,that erect storehouses here ferry,as we do eighths of the " a city, " should is a mile from this the on tagonist an- reach can reason, Mission be rock in the lators specu- ; dred hun- a want we edges,and mile a us Bay. obliged to From use a Point. barren shore,and time. being bring to Oakland Oakland Pass be Sacramento It eighty feet high, situated the from thereon. now Island we its outer in the bill apparent level down business,we our "Goat from road will The government may we business our to new For has Saucelito ~By a Livermore who the land the eighty-sevenmiles ness bitter- at any made for Island ; the is miles. thirty-seven Goat nearer Goat side,and one through now and that between citybetween in about road " says, company more of the company. Oakland b}^one Stanford asks much and magnitude right to repossess themselves fight has other ; and So conceived Congress rented the reserve fight,the city. Gov. before appraised,and all streets. hardly be can pending now this of 115 PACIFIC. THE TO the hundred three bay its nearest about four and miles pointonly five- present wharf from which ferry starts. We intend three main approach the cityof to lines, " one from San Francisco by Humboldt, Oregon, and all 116 of west Sacramento, centering the by ferryto the a San direct Saucelito,and of Sacramento the to and city by of way and the as now; Pacific lines, San Jose. As the cityby the reach must route, and direct most thence Joaquin, to Oakland business general principle, shortest at roads,includingthe Southern the southern rail all east city; great valleyof by ATLANTIC THE the by easiest grades. " It is level not follyfor Goat to do have We valued and at city is real panic,which and unnecessary, faith is in them oppose of wicked the San only and Erancisco so far as other any and those me, which we understand and have the the officers of pursued." foolish, trade the I people : the which company, I blame. see have in the shall road of our self-protection' motives ing aid- are will or whole a who criminally to her has place injuriousto and dollars, This people,is required,believing, that,in time, they right,and there never the so city,are there roads. plot; is half of a our disturbed so of and making excitement,which prospects have of Francisco. improvements millions terminus has and to It would San is in terminus; our intention places the and four intend we city there. a estate that say business our than more any this it : to build alreadyreal this been people Island, and us pay the the ated actu- course TO Thus THE effect not been than depreciated,and send and energy, better mines, will treasure the ; ; nuts ships from ; port ; her and the thus now, of with our of the and have to San stagnated, of manner yield to will a must steamers must ; working their up add its varied city,to Francisco to on yieldof wheat interest this destined, march its to fruits and find here doubt, Australia the western is heartene dis- great valleyswill Japan no to many The contribute treasure " Francisco mountains China it is that the mistress And the continent have business their unmeasured will I soon, mails across and and south is growth, to wine-growing wealth the San knowledge force of people continent their in importance. storehouses to her the of all business that steadier national grander the but slower a in before,business-property sadly still I believe by suffer must enterprises. the across people a cityand CITY. dreams realized,although less valuable lands the railroad the of THE OF that people all business FUTURE I find Although the it lasts the trade and stagnationof both injuriousto so quarrel, while ; and company the the rests 117 PACIFIC. THE a will send be transported at New ever York remain ocean," thanks to all my friends in the : 118 " City leave ATLANTIC THE the at of San words her Thou sittest Upon thy Still Thou of white of winds drawest thee, the beside and all the her : " Gate. of seas won the peace Western their tents, ! that sullen things, sun. strike continents two scornful angry lately flies skies, small or Gate." take must Fate, banners the warder And, Thy the so to Harte Western the heights seest Bret of at slant Thou 0 addressing poet, own I attentions, by indifferent Serene, To their for Prancisco of " " Bay PACIFIC. THE TO great, these my tiful beau- 120 tensive machine and storehouses,a Vallejohave make safe is of the The and only a all its natural poor it ISTear the California cityis State, some ones, and looks very with Sacramento, but gone, as is said ; but fi'eezingout unwillingto * from This route Sacramento of it is to is doubt no its be great city. a praise; for,with and the the fact old a ment govern- dead. railroad unused, now pretty soldiers ; but asleep,almost a landing, It called the formerly connected of some of the of been old. fine harbor a the terminus Pacific,which the from much now the "Alabama." the to be seems could in speak advantages "Kearsarge," plank has fightwith fimcy that cannot patronage, facing all the fleet of every only kept alive by the trade place we and wharves, which lies the old little awaj^ steam-elevator a river rottingtimbers that terrible by people still cherish is Here cityof Yallejolies this the and docks battle,but whose good buildings, many Of In men. houses bor largestvessels;while the har- if necessary. the the and powder, size sufficient to accommodate a famous has the crumbling frame made for built fine landingsfor ill stand workshops, a hospital, great officers and been country whose other magazine for the quarters is ATLANTIC THE this city bridge being is,the stockholders " Central who " are sell out.* is now to San in order, and Francisco. is by far the pleasantest way of going TO The road,by great plains which ranges of this bay, and take The E-iver. the This State. and is the is a of,and of of the agreeable: modified from run the the road than river,is two A in cold winds cityare drunk collected by from all. 11 Napa ranches most well parts balmy in, the well of No we are heart of very people,lies upon laid out, contains city. of San The spring,and is and About small- are send little here five miles they dip up a one is very climate Francisco breezes. fountains,no and dailypapers, where soda-springs, the But crops. water, put it into bottles, surcharge it gas follows little steamer to the up into soft and the course. four thousand some flourishing towns. sized schooners from CITY. banks, has stores,two many three, start the pleasing, will be soon of town bank west the of one which " yieldingimmense NAPA This eastern mountain- valleyis productivein wheat, barley, grapes, in view now City buildingsbetter the the generalnorth-west a N'apa Valley, fertile of those between Napa, country around formed, and corn, and Vallejoto Napa From and State,this being the Sonoma, Petaluma, the lie the up beautiful most many " 121 PACIFIC. branch, runs one of the through one THE more it away sulphuricacid,no sodawith to be lime- 122 ATLANTIC THE and stone garden the In finer roses, and than picotee), Here ever we variety,and endless almost a fine Sequoia,as well All that is needed trees. of handsomest growing the them conifers,among gardens The grasses. is of roses the worms, and giving,I and from derson's Hen- collection of as ciduous de- many this one of lawn good a air. open equalto of fresh- the best I have and all insects told, blossoms am saw verbenas, and make to are ISTapa foliageentirelyfree found, of in size has He choicest blooms. we the in growing saw the the around Goodman George all the tea-roses,great beds were pinks in the shown pinks (both carnation far finer by facture manu- of By politeness were of Mr. to where laboratory, own delicious drink." Goodman, bankers, we Messrs. city. " this she makes her has soda ; for Nature needed here machinery,are intricate month every in the year. Among which the leadingcitizens nestles her with earlyleft wealth the of blossoms, is of town it. A long residence his old Bhode-Island containing more than many. any we of Smith Mr. Brown, seek Burrillville, R.I.,to in California ; and glad that were we away notions the is brilliant and locust-trees, her among pleasantlittle city, of this old visited in all has not ; and we his he had weaned found New-England California;and who tune for- found him from his house "comforts" they were TO if But, delay longer at Napa, we train which starts than interesting begin ; and hundred we along plantedout settingfruit. of the line ; and embowered this valleyis have their many the famed. summer the of Many fine places,that in its prevailedin and by the department. but caterpillar, As uncommon. that which bound it us this is the best is the secret The crops rich of we on told that either side. All farming-sectionthat wealth to become of the continue a some badly strippedof were it wine quite so ceptibly, per- hills things considered, I have people who to their was the between perior su- which noticed,that,in walk wheat, barley,and forcingNapa I the be to north, the valleynarrows an will mate citycli- Among seemed easy seems of the farms go tected pro- the great neatness were places,the apple-orchards leaves are the summer. " Friscans they make of Woodward's appointments every " which scape, land- for which wealth}^ cold winds seen the trees here,where a are dot residences in disagreeable, especially even wine-houses beautiful even in all the now farmhouses and grape-lands fifty,and vine,and Large extensive among against the so to the the is town The Napa. to fields of twenty, see acres luxuriance that miss for St. Helena first-named the to shall we o'clock eleven at ride Calistoga. The more 123 PACIFIC. THE pour into seen, reside their her which here. immense storehouses, cityof importance. 124 ATLANTIC THE We at stop where take we pretty a SULPHUR WHITE They as drove we found the thousand per day. They been a favorite a waters, warm Around the and the for resort or drink Indians, the in having ; bathe in the them, health. gushes and of skins themselves gallons 1850 water warm erected little huts sweated to them, and, with pools,where them the nine discharges forty-fourwine in had we are of which first discovered were ground,they in and and, ; that There resorts. largest one hundred six canon felt assured hotel,we springs,the beautiful a up California of gem these of to the up Helena, SPRINGS. miles two some are St. the carriagefor a called little town the hot from barks, sulphur vapors. The of waters of the these springs sulphur springs of Europe sulphur,carbonate soda,salt,lime, "c. and by the From skin the the various grades to ; and diseases of these use of most sides they contain, be- they found me tism rheuma- great relief waters. trails which tops ; and sufferingfrom surrounding hills the than warmer lime,magnesia, sulphate of many told are of have fine views been cut mountains, and are lead you had ; and by easy along frowning TO precipices.You little gulch between room to spare, the for the hotel another so that,to get hill, retrace our of this hillsides pretty cottages and sleepinghouses hotels upon summer forbid. would The are waters from office and the dining-room,and several farther are sleeping-rooms.To (upon which State,but erected stood which some of these various as quietlyand grounds are neatness The any as laid out with is shown on each and into the finest time the three the the as teau pla- in the been occupants the at mon com- parlor after in their they gulch the hotel common remain taste ; and seven All way drive- sections, hotel,on summer the billiardthe up their meals secluded every hills, risingfrom 11* ; the across right singlecottages. at can the left of the or dining-hall, gather in dinner, but ; the cottages take ing build- which unfortunately burned),have was dozen a parlor,adjoining back divided buildings, climate called,is common to must they build inclement conducted springare hall ; the kitchens for a lies occupied by neatly-arrangedbath-rooms, into is the are nearlyall ; for here an own desire. the most tage cot- The scrupulous hand. to a is little retreat,we are it is "hotel,"as containingthe which plan which a in are ravine, just beyond, out The steps. we buildingsoccupy the across that hills ; that there towering that space; in mind bear must 125 PACIFIC. THE eighthundred feet,are 126 ATLANTIC THE the clothed wooded, and well gulch little way a is only region I ones the in there is the genius of mile, a " leaving the stream Truckee through runs up redwood- seven in many tree since A Sierras. estate, in which The found have of grove a trees, the only specimens of this the ; and exquisiteflowers in the good fishing. place is Bremberg, whose John Mr. writer positionis express-agent, telegraph-operator, of the bills of fare,catcher the charged with important duty attend To happy. kej)tbusy ; has a little child who some and he and pack now goes ; here he rushes and wants old some her up "Spanish beauty" kind word for John to of " doctor ; " he days, is Bremberg does is same as he peers reallylook all that with the and, an is John to off he goes; he has over for goes to official duties; and bring him or play, come some walk, and willingly. He gained him the title gold-bowedspectacles, his make in a it now lady wants in these an intelligent gentleman industrywould For is and sweats all. ivise,which, required John course, to go one every her for John which medicine-chest, a making help at protect her against snakes, and keeps of there,he and trunk, and comes and everybod}'-, for duties,of all his to foams, but always is superintendent butterflies, baths, general helpmeet the of of when another renown. M.D. not latter Mr. whelmed over- avocation 128 ATLANTIC THE still known The Alaska of Russians E-ussian as has town to " " Saratoga have we each a than " Springs,"which is the West. of hotel,and with Here, great a poeticalname, a central erected but building. number have which Brannan as and advantages charms you times." its with tried to grow a here,owing develop the with from resources the "olden Calistogaand every lavish his But to the foot heat, as into well trees, the quarter of the as he hand failure; for nothing, the a has conversation,he In place beautiful. than more the fancy of belongs whatever been landscape, familiarlycalled. is State. globe,have been early pioneers,and to vines,gathered extend the mar to-day; and the make tages, pretty cot- have interestingdescriptionsof alone phur, Sul- circle around a springs he the plants,and which undoubtedly of please the as man the of surroundings are has one any him To of one done as the to Branuan, was much built been proprietor,Sam Mr. Over the being Kevere, Occidental, as structures, which fantastic wheat, is at White as Adelphi,Delevan, "c., and arranged in the their importance other no raise Valley. railroad station for the the and come to of roots will ground, the mineral deposits. Every read kind of, or of heard a bath which of, he has Mr. here Brannan ever reproduced ; saw, and it would ills of numerous here come all from People but seldom is in charge keep life,and for each of Mr. pouring through each at least in these But earth at tourists, and noon, The know to seems house how much as from within a is to circuit of spring the one and '^ in it as boiling,and eighth an of component parts of which, waters salt,become "chicken a their wonderful cold to in the and chicken-soup, hotels most use days. the the road delightful ; are springs reveals spring different little pepper a ; and whip to-morrow's of all end mountain-road, the figures. grounds GREAT of 86" these who panacea. genial and to waters are There water. the of the the from by adding " climate a the up all course night Badlam, ; for here mile, and the at of in days from varying drives character of few a counted prepared his State, and 50" from close examination a the over he had hotel. a The number, spend to ranging warm, the that, by seem, 129 PACIFIC. THE TO and we GEYSERS. this the must known stage. all journey Great arrange over is a Geysers with ride at the Foss, that for California, our over end the of knight seat in 130 MOUNTAIN-RIDE. THE We find that William Patterson,is four-horse seven we the uninteresting, " liabitation in wild the sides of the So the solid There its hills one-half down a ride we upon every Mr. we are a the road step a and new Foss was Hampshire, are new and on does off upon wind, and foot, the two difficulties which pointed out interest is a the and : the over run Around rocky faces blasted of out singlecarriage. should thousand from turn carriage would three to is country road begins. up for enough of the road a interest our the through away a track has been our precipicefrom along,the a country, with hardly places,where, if the wheel course in eight,for miles broken strike rock, just wide are driven fire ; and on far,we and mountains, where road ; and Punctuall}^at of first ten and sight. road proper; of is The mountain be Foss. to even which a the to are road,Mr. experienced driver, who change horses,and we We jolly company dash. villagewe that , off,a mountain built to-day over go an ribbons are wonderful to him. coach, by yield the not a engineer who the gladlyaccompany we ATLANTIC THE plunge As feet. the workmen beset explained; excited, new and views at tained, ob- dangers successfully passed. born there among imbibed the granite hills his love for the of New moun- THE TO tain-roads. This during 1868 and July 3j 1869 ; and each they The round is foot one above and the the in is the the seem so valley is hills piled one with upon gorges, within seem ride reach. charming average hundred four as have we grand the at reached they scud Magnificent flowers with Avith its curious-colored side rise tain, moun- heads our have ceonothus, in made and colors, many and our mountain its curious wood of them; the over lupins,the geraniums, madrona plain every between see mountains succeeds ; mountain canons we us, the on us the spectacle as a below far, far Around the feet feet; hotel the Valley; but white, as The the at front another hills. adorns the ; but that, at this altitude,the while greet dollars. feet. to look us; daisies the manzanita ; the seventeen country road, and stands ravines, and clouds, fleecy and is ing dur- thousand ten talking, sight of. made thirty-sixhundred is In near, lost in built was continued road the Calistoga is the great Russian the line of of foot hundred stop been twenty-two been we end it was stage-trip of the which behold. can since summit have we eye beyond the seventeen ; and summit have one plateau, upon While first the eight. sea; Geysers, is The numbers, highest grade projected; and length chains, from miles, two The 1869. season. cost, in he one 131 PACIFIC. bark, peculiar 132 growth, the line ride this lies down hill ; for at and upon start the whip; going at is to welcome and As us, dust, and we were well-trained Nash," and how we we and said to for shake down the is in some him, ^'Are you no Susenbeth the piazza of dirt free danger. not guided by sometimes ladies like to ride in this our at we mountains, with speed,and Perfectly safe,sir," said you hissingand the ourselves there at their of short,is that us running team Susey us to done genial German, The help assures do timid sound night within called falls, water- always finding been have ox- nearing the hotel,where are steam. always name, distance, twists,makes and eight miles ; and the soon eight miles for that road, but that to The for the roaring of it winds his are dashing brooks, by dancing come out. to rest cracks excitement, and the quarter-mile,where, no has thirtyminutes by their ears, and screams, now the w^ay of rest they prick up driver but slow; yawning ravines,always seeming over way are the catch crosses curves, the end some that straight,but is and that refreshingshade. been the word cedars,all twenty-mile gait. For the whole down, there yoke there point has ; the run horses a the road a and to know seem oaks, firs,and of offer here to up the horses even varieties several track, and our Our " ATLANTIC THE knight. " Corneil afraid? manner " our Driven ? " " here TO nine and years, hotel all safely, let over," and And, right." us praise seek a 12 Guess accident. no rest 133 PACIFIC. THE that now the after ^' we which bridge such I'll a ride. are land over has at you the carried the road us CHAPTER The Great Geysers. XVII. What " Discovery. they Ride The " THE Our dinner brushed with from appetites uninviting walls were these were them the which of for the table filed we could ugly by several knew and, ; into no as The and even hanging insurance he to dust imagine. whitewashed; more we trim ride, you of had we in our as advertisements food was peculiar I around was told " you, are Still ! the 134 they " Susey same nationality, the at upon nies, compa- the since unore ; but is and with of preparation abundance an concoctions him same attempt an There dishes. the by look time were boards, to " fire. Our As rough made some Chicago sharpened of Their look. they Calistoga. to the by dining-room a back and clothes, our how GEYSERS. ready was and are, of all it; but, had splendid German a his cook French ; his French oh, what names. people probably of aspirations in is 136 divides ; and to tlie in as a places are behind rises of the Hog's At about of is o'clock,p.m., four the the gorge, through the five of the canon, feet whitened wide, the stick,we which was of which and The has rains is the Alum once and a less bed Iron, the temperature around A on we its sides find a are the its up some fountains, extent, issues to each of mineral but The of roll at a posits, de- the residuum bleaching under recurringseasons. Fahrenheit,and little farther the been the ance. appear- angle of an hundred steaming geyser, for years of the look we mile,at upon earth thirty- some guide having given step the ourselves as greater or a shines sun awful point is about two to and find narrows are near a steam, which of at this a duct con- early morning grand a half some steam, ground. in the clouds which for surface long,stout suns from which but where springs, from issues River, we degrees.There forty-five or which giving it gorge, Crossing Pluton bottom the heat ; but the to take While is filled with canon and canon, springs. steam the dissipatedby whole name euphonious. started,under we guide,to explore the a the Back. of these wonderful view with of hills ; while hills succeed far away, sides the walls and straightas precipitous great mountain a whose hills, left rise rightand building.Looking in ATLANTIC THE the first spring which incrustations is 97" of iron. spring containingEpsom TO 137 PACIFIC. THE salts, iron,"c., magnesia,sulphur, Bath. Geyser Epsom which has Around us and compound, We salts. Spring,Black Boiling Black largestis which is about and bubble,sometimes It is said that all We next reach throws which was up very being water being attempts the is liquidwhich is thrown the a day small good substitute qualityof being indelible. end of your carry We by away are extinct handkerchief geysers into the mineral ; and often depositswhich the foot where As we obligedsometimes earth seems stone, between 12* on which custom a to fire,and are is feet our have cross to a flows which to has dip you a the may honey-combed sink been is too il's Dev- visit. of your ground The spring,that ground which over place a very It is into this we are ink,and times some- air,but which of for the ineffaceable mark walking failed. caiion; the four feet. spring, out the have bottom visited the or boil feet into the air. two a of of which Geyser, which we only three a diameter fifteen feet in the boilingwater thrown Inkstand the waters to find phur Sul- and Spring, and Caldron,the Intermittent calm crystallized unceasingly. By roars feet,and seven of Salts Sulphur,Epsom the Witches' Medicated BoilingAlum Sulphur, which far the beds see in order pass the named heen we highly medicated a " ankle-deep left, or, again, hot for comfort. space step from where stone the to boiling,steaming openings, 138 whicli from arise fumes snlpliury it is hard stifle you, in the realms not The the on raised in this beyond which we have we point,the right. of the reached From rock these down a its length; those boiling, sulphuryfountains made We we our way pass with steam in ; and up on seems among the over orifices from around length,and a few the hotel Witches' " are to this Mountain of which us, within rods in a this take the space width, we view springs " Caldron, and seen from above ; have could we place. Fire,which once : know extended an impossiblethat them we there At safety. all these and Geyser,the it gaze, have Pulpit," up division,and the as The or Just climb at in spring space. " We place even and, called positionswe Steamboat sembling re- spring,for the once let those this makes canon canon the pistolto a steam, this larger the veranda. from saw that much a reach guide fires that over we It the above issue Around evidences extended above in sound, the blowing especially distance,are springs are Geyser. fifteen feet to to you placed Steamboat apertures steamboat. steam the its many look,and almost as sway. be can ten a off of the (if one left,and From holds old Pluto springsis in some where strong so persuade yourselfthat these level. canon to wonderful most another)of is ATLANTIC THE poured of,say, see is fire one strata ered cov- and mile of sul- TO pliur,Epsom salts,alum, nitre, tartaric red used men where the from has of these use effected also Indian their rude the Here, in 1869, natives. the bring to found were find we yellowochre, magnesia, copperas, cinnebar, ammonia, little farther on, 139 PACIFIC. THE sick A Spring,where the be to healed, and sweating-hutserected Edwin Forrest The waters. found the by great relief Water Eye for weak cures many "c. acid, Spring and inflamed eyes. But the great whistlingattracts a hasten guide,we which from iron made to screech At the this the pipe made small like down hills ; the sides along the small a is carried with ture, aper- into boy'swhistle,which a perceivethat distance surrounding to come and, a is thus fearfully. point we some soon issuing steam hotel,although now and and on, attention ; our a quite away. A and, after of the river to at have we been fine view a is had make rest,we mountain, bridge which above elevation an to nearing of the our way Geyser Canon, spans it,and it, and this over to the hotel. The guides giving the name with Devil's taste. the who of every Devil,as, Punch-Bowl, I have avoided and have us accompany spring Devil's many these names as in a fashion some way Kitchen, more Devil's in ; and of nected con- Office, equally bad if those who 140 ATLANTIC THE have control this over surveyed and mapped, springs,and much properties, them more As as if he "Elliott,"he in his of the to turning occasion springs,the following: B. Elliott Geyser Springs,when out these springs. show from of a the you desk a found we old an an under visit of Elliott " the was tor proprie- upon will its pages, over the April, 1847, "William the had, I handwriting." Taking own the and name; house making deservedlypopular. discovered the said, "was hook, and date who me first the register,the old tell could designate towards hotel,I asked the reached we done be and generallyknown soon entry would canons principal would which names the of the the location with give them their have property would visitor to first known on a hear-hunt, and now resides at Clear Lake." Under this " fellow ! Poor a friend has written killed was in trembling hand, the Indians by at " Pyramid Lake, May, 1860." Thus these is told the wonderful hunter, who simple story and geysers, modestly calls the of the of death himself discoveryof the hardy first known "the visitor." It is not these my province to speculateupon phenomena still it is ; to impossiblenot scientific to men I the leave philosophizeupon of causes this the : but sights TO which have we that seen. they are the other To first chemical than waters had we in fail to hills ; and chemical to be ten or to force thus in the great boilingcaldron,or thrown the see supposed could sometimes are latter would action we one " action,and the attribute to advanced, are of volcanic seems in the as 141 receive around, which greater power whose theories evidences the " Two volcanoes. by mountains accept PACIFIC. produced by purely require some and THE duced, pro- spring fifteen even feet into the air. for Keady the stage starts at earlybed, that an of the view another and tea in geysers have may before early morning, o'clock,we seven we seat ourselves upon the veranda. Our for of the view it although spr'ng, still clouds not was saw we of steam and climb adieu the to stage the to the the summit mountain-breezes fan of our cheeks their fragrance,and, with among the begin temper the to remain door, and of the them. sun the could the hear be must we mountain ; ; the off for a and, bidding journey. The cool great hills and ; the flowers was boiling orifices. their varied "Kash" minutely each and our grand ; was filled with innumerable we trees rays caiion sulphury vapor, is at the geysers, morning to examine easy the hissingand puffingof But the in gorge send tall forth blooms, allure full of talk,and us so 142 had we all the stories of the and ride pleasingviews, the Pine to stages which which we As soon have all as down Mr. Patterson Two reliahle Cromwell at such harnesses minds That nine persons be worth grand (one watch team in able of four it,seemed to say Away I Before the should miles had showing we been a a have taken quite a journey ; besides,it enables scenery, developments of and witness nature. dashed, Patterson some of the preferred make up our foot,we to change horses. done little horses,drawing you not take ride,or impossible. Where that the George we have could we where stable-yard, eight hill road,and that Fosses stages way, complete into the minutes a to than more gave walking. whether too, by To been reined were never in being,as watches, while speed,that had built the find one-eighth miles. whip and ribbons. he time we distance and the gentlemen held that me have county-road,the break-neck fearful, a down start suggestedthat was we and Calistoga, ready,we are miles few a the town. to placed it, eight held the assured to the to back it from up of called,where it is pany com- toilingup-hill our quick drive a come things (two stage-loads) ; and drive found Flat, as to be taken are region; and, with good we accomplished; and soon brought us and ATLANTIC THE in twenty- and that, less), stage with is such you most six Dexter? a to ride is behold curious XVITI. CHAPTER Clara Santa The Valley, Mission. Buildin";s, On tlu^ 20(li The " early an of de[)6t Street As city. soon farms side of aid and in going laud, spur, Bay San A line. San 144 County which I pushes extends Francisco at in fixing a shall the from the either will location We along a and Pacific, a the of now are ridge narrow similar jutting separates and the tile fer- California describe. south, of out upon of the towards the seen map mind INIarket on suburbs, were direction, north to the of the to way rolling were out glance our Kailroad, we were south-easterly which which of in places a o'clock Mateo readers my we tho trip through a wended Vaeiiic eiglit as of the towns of at Mines. VALLEY. we Southern tlie and ; CLAKA breakfast, for out " vate Pri- and Pnblic " Quicksilver set wc Clara. Santa and Alameda. Ahnaden SANTA After Jose San " New May of of The Col!e";e. The " Cities the and which, the by THE ATLANTIC TO formation tlieir peculiar have along the pass the received bay, Monte Diabalo the Pacific so of meeting, Golden Gate." As " of shore the wo east, towards hills of from hide see can the to the west which, range, we point of the on of which thoir nearest name stretch low have we but back the at 145 PACIFIC. THE the Sierra the ocean, view which huge fog-clouds delightsto send out directlythrough from up its placid bosom. A farm few miles of 1). 0. California: his pass of Mills, Esq.,pr(!siderit the on we residence,built palatial Henaissance, French for more ornament, only any plants,even requireprotection.Near been run, taken a between whole a farm good r(;ach us smacks that omen 13 the short very beautiful a doors the milk that so from directly in east the to and of barn of Mills the waters pots, his "siding" a be cars, to to wealth prefersto bay. 5 and carry be the venes inter- meadow tin; has ported, trans- city. Away of tensive ex- farm- necessary great dairy can the the here in. situated which his us, but weeks, during low, marshy the of styleof those are upon time, to fjw a other from of unbounded Mr. for the track barns, milk-houses,and buildings,up J"ank formed by elaborately it is as the necessitywith a are great rains,that the brick,in surrounded glass,which of houses of the great stands foot-hills, the just u}"on right, the it on The s(!enis this 146 ATLANTIC THE and, by his health the State. But and, train draws our as and royal mansion," "Kalston's hopes of seeing that the ladies and had it describe I the acquainted something be given and grounds, of the among road. of I of whom I sumptuousness in party a one, hope est near- the from seen : around mansion, and house the of the be this to station situated so the Belmont looked we it is cannot at fortune wdth the crops, to called was and till the to come may entertainment an gentlemen good ; but house that foot-hills, When this useful how station a told that been had we at cattle most plenty up of others teach example, that people of the experiment decide horses, by ground, breed the magnificent farm, improve to make you know and privatelife of a rich Californian. We of one Nature's called often and black as 3^ou at The oak, stand them their in the desire them, but in that State ; " but all their been would we the order majesty hang far South. an within are both great oak-trees, in as we little a valley has This branches through the fields just would by making see we of the "park." from see once garden live plain,and just " it the the valleyproper great parks. the rather term the ; and eastward turn the enter now the They the upon mosses, are tered scat- landscape-gardener which he always fails to whenever get Nature's anywhere else and, although we do than do have we the in acres a see of mass that acres, only breaks being peach, and pear, not have we imitating at and look greener grasses that hand his tries been fresher State ; the in great varietyof flowers, a ing yellowblossoming mustard-plant,cover- one thousand the he planting. The 147 PACIFIC. THE TO We gold. is,with wheat-fields see fence no nectarine,of great and between, ; orchards dead-furrows of extent ; of as apple, well plantationsof English walnut, almond, cherry,and this From valleycome as in the State ; and which contained ground almost extent, corn, tubers, but the qualityis the droppingsfrom fields which One field upon green things. hay the last vines are which good as made in as from went which very yielded was said he drought villagesthrough some sections the wild grows oats from planting(theyhaving the farmer the to the potato produces large considered we duced pro- covering is,grain which visited we before crop not fig. strawberry-patch one the the that crops, time ; and more The The is grasses), the second and thrive ; the volunteer our acres, as entirely. Oats, barley, and, and of visited we sixty farther to the north. none fine strawberries as we nutritious ; and immense returns. being cut should obtain succeeded pass here in have for the one killingall a look of 148 thrift ; and tlie many wliicli seen '' are " the town of Santa As San from is well called the which known, the within now been months, and which left of the of ancient town Justice,both that was the to the limits the near in section,of in 1776, Francisco. to make resolved mission the on bay San of Santa at militarypost, Clara ten some 29tli of November the banks Gaudaloupe : but. of the of creek, a tlers early set- overflowed the floods which the to is one built of In All north. adobe, and the which time is of Charles California is in now town occupied the present the that large storehouse,and 1797 an had which creek,and destroyedtheir property their town location,and this Jose, which their entrance annoyed by condition. dilapidated All the beginning named of the they moved Halls a much the banks ride a valley,and just fifty Spanish had on accordingly, they had were of the established made that year, city of San of the post in 1777 agriculturalsettlement already the old Francisco. commander The heart Back and, after ; here homes. housetops of in view at the that us their spiresand arrive Presidio,near is convince make appear is located in the very miles line love to Clara miles,we grounds and elegant mansions the the railroad, from of three fine along wealthy Friscans its ATLANTIC THE had a only a now the very changed site of the IV., so ; when city. all part, be- longed the to who The with de Jose and the 1834, there 1846 in twenty, commanded and came the to city. On in the United of the beginsits history. It Sacramento. than After The most was capital slowly,as a the of the wealtli, " earth a San Spaniard a In only twenty foreigners. town ' was a is now this valley, of day July, the town this time from '50,and capitalwas a 1851 and removed populationof Although to the a and to about increasingfaster, proportionally, cities. rich where the loss of the little town, still it grew farming section. to reside positionwhich 13* 1849 fortune,"came one reached eleventh hundred a possessionof this the of of party from the first capitalof the State ; blow severe the centre community de only twenty were States ; and city has seekinga pretty town from Pueblo late took was thousand,and fourteen subjection. twenty-four; and, as the of legislatures held. '52,were ernor, gov- the by Fremont, Fallon here the a 1831 another 1846, Capt. Thomas and El there and in all the and name in by arrived the first party of Americans and ; Indians Scotchman. Gilroy,a were In 1844 ruled was 1814 In five hundred was population Missouri town new was only foreigner (thatis not John Indian)was as the Gaudaloupe. dwellings; or soldierykept the given to name Spain,and of crown 149 PACIFIC. THE TO People in, after they had here existed ; and soon " dug the great individual it stillretains. 150 ATLANTIC THE The streets well mostly broad, laid are ; water rises several above feet The substitute for windmills. not Jose during buildings were of enterprise to the doing credit is the finest House Sacramento) wooden School in about here,and, The are see that or so, erected, Court The House a well are wood, the is in a Notre cupancy oc- it is grand and is Dame is ladies, a the largest, park around Yankee, by cared The ready for will have of State. as the when school for young a as of It is to be whole Auzerais you The year been the in Academy pleasantlocation,where will a the citizens. finest,as well the year ; and effect. celebrity. The have Building,built planted,the laid out, and located a is the the year. tillwithin seen the State. buildingin imposing have we style,is Corinthian San gives to publicbuilding (savethe Capitol at which ISTormal State wells does California in several fine blocks time during whicli these This pleasing a " largepart of a well,the artesian depth of commonplace very suppliedwith surface, water peculiaradvantages,as great desideratum the thirtyfeet. than more average is well city parts,by sinking an in most water as The graded. riglitangles,and at out of great good hotel,in name a Churchill, for, at prices which moderate. In the Justice,we old part found of the the old town, near plaza,wliere the the Halls bull- of fights 152 interlace above Tradition tells us, around them work and God of converted who they K. Indians. his the Alameda, rendered the mission,who ground work the good they wrought of retrace our mission of remains this over steps SANTA The town of is old and business the two or even cities ; army, his to monks foot the tensive ex- of this over Indians. I and led them to this day To through road but over belong honor ; and them this of civilization. prepared visit and Major old for the advance day, next by the savages. famous done city,and to creed,to them opened was drive " news the the on way convertingthe holy Our by tell that of the which spirit, self-sacrificing the great section their good their was for the thanks " to carry what not historic wended was attention about driven were said trees officer in whole Jose there, and kindness the By over San at it is also : Vernon, formerly an farm, we care to wallc erected had planting the resigned to give very used monks Bible the and collecting of George the that which cross a grateful shade. head, offeringa your Clara, and gather the Indians Santa from the ATLANTIC THE the us city to and CLARA. without dilapidated, thrift. and were A any ance appear- horse-railroad it not for the nects con- college TO and buildings, seemingly old many Mexicans THE tlie students be ; and which one only the in a shed unable an house, in a and from a old woman the themselves. still survive As inany race and had the fallen. of Many saddle,and get their food and sale of along show a with of pony, their great expertness Having at the tired of entrance-door train. in the were ushered the pure-blood which the into from Even the covered dis- we live men have Americans they always which in the have young the sional occa- eral sev- boys of the lassoo. looking about the town, we called of SANTA and use " the old town, blankets which Indian, the few degeneracy of a ants descend- the native misfortunes the and rags was fireplace, America, than by evidences and part of the people are by about and some housekeeping; or These roamed we found we another hated more their rule in for in proud Castilian and Spaniards speak English,and to windows several children. Spaniardswho this and ; remaining house, enveloped in without room deplorablerace, overtaken old the visited we implements adjoiningthe filth, lay woman rudest by would town still are built houses, in attend,the There dirty,ignorantMexicans, with who deserted. adobe 153 PACIFIC. into CLARA a COLLE-GE, neatly-furnished parlor. With- 154 waiting long, a priestcalled,whom out found to whose untiring efforts the most the be the us around whole college; and the with up greatest neatness where now planted by the shade the to their willed " the old long,as upon very the the from across a come." adobe rude ; and "brothers" well the to as fig beautiful olive and into of their knew very they prayers, to cited re- and those to went but narrow, only how whose as garden,we the From dens, gartrees under things temporal church, built wall great hall fitted walking words from earlybuilders truss. the now were thoughts the life to through " the themselves the into apparent; the We dining-halls, early missionaries,and brothers " found. theatre,as growing are show as teaching of specialstudies, "c. ; photography,mining, be the and was of the for the rooms of one in all of which to was dormitories accessories now ready to was museums, and debatingsociety, the the various the has visited the several recitation-rooms, we the laboratory, into of the rooms he " taken Cichi, through philosophical apparatus said applianceof learning " every where collections of He the A. Prof. afterwards we this institution country. the were Rev. learned extensive in of ATLANTIC THE into very lay beams wall,instead of sustainingthe roof is,of course, the old altar is still there,around which The and interior of the their converts church have often knelt. TO The old paintings brought walls; and the ceilingis just as buildingshave and it stands within better preserved than such a Francisco, which that nothing that Noblii ; and still rung is very not arranged,that so of scholars is about found We gentleman ; in a privilegesof the from looking founded two Prof. to him over the than far much old, Spanish the city: 1855, by Rev. John been very is in the school. a San evening. denominations, as no The prosperous, the way average studies debarred number hundred. Cichi and and till Protestant in all is " to is much there bells ; he as Dolores while old,older by all one churcli three morning them placed in arise for same at been Mission its birth it has since being patronizedby are has introduced,here been The collegewas old sides of the preserve This ! visited ; new. mission but the the has is are " The to thoughts sanctuary we is modern custom in wood the coloringupon originally. The was What the rain. out painting and incased been still adorn Spain from the old tile-roof another above keep the of some 155 PACIFIC. THE we not are only scholar,but a indebted for many grounds buildings and a favors of this mission. As within wooden left the we a college, just across little wooden crosses, around the street,enclosed paling,stands which one the savages of used the to old con- 156 ATLANTIC THE gregate, and which and in token of the Jesuits back way had we they their told the kiss. We to Jose, filled with devotions, truths which wended our of what thoughts seen. THE But, before ALMADEN NEW close,I I town, and the " as of the tell you situated are known MINE. must mines, which quicksilver from humble recognitionof them, used San to their in some famous miles seven Almaden New silver Quick- Mines." Although to is go stage a is lined sycamore-trees which a study We as which soon for enter it narrows, the a should defile in the Santa we come up in stone front the of the neat " the a rooms trunk, and with one of put upon gnarled them the of the ; of which you and, pany. com- tendent, superindrew miners, we long one-story and is canvas. Mountains residence cottages of hotel, building,into Cruz great the property of the within Passing the church, the and be with the ground, and antiquity. Every mines magnificent most from far better the to imagined, thirtyfeet artist,and an road the be upon tell of with can stretchingaway restingthemselves forms mines, it is by privatecarriage. The pleasant,and branches the to runs a pass half di- TO shops and of various In front of of the smelting furnaces 157 PACIFIC. the sidewalk. rectlyfrom and THE the cinnebar offices together with company, buildingsrequired in from quicksilver the are iis the production We ore. are in now the part of the property called the hacienda. As I title to who familiar was this property,knew who more desire to look and the interested earl}'- were many with heard the the in property,about on found,that althoughhe Giving us always every first to is read found of the charged;that is,the stone) is packed graduallyrecede 14 returned him which are ; and life far away be New in we from still the was to Randol, tleman gen- York. for seeingthe property, we facility one the he and, office, J. B. mines, leadinga was into other from which furnaces strappedwith openingsalong its sides. with the Soon It is built of brick five in Mr. rough miners,he among had we that up mountains. the and friends, great a I had called at the informed was superintendent, above knew much. so inquiry,were the felt which the of those and company, therein,I stock Passing through the gate,we upon decided personallymany stillowned over which suit ore the From a in operation. iron,and has platformabove,it called cinnebar fire-chamber: chambers was ceeded pro- (ared-looking this is nected con- by long pipes,which the influence of the heat,and at 158 ATLANTIC THE last find opening an chimney, of which out the far up the pours of the sides in hills, a of poisonous vapors arsenic. The is heated ore in quicksilver chambers other it is and ahove sublimed, and flues,and, from runs and which,by its hoiler,and iron set and poured into hold the Having drove,by one made, to the up grade is either and it to you feet within long shed of tated, precipi- the furnace, is dipped, weighed, made are of cast by of the part old-fashioned an closed are this seen mines and the on villages the loads taken ore are down iron, thread-cut a work, next we that could the hill. drawn the up to the found one the two villagesof miners, shutes, of Welch mine pass, and the hill. was grope A it is cleaned car and and a Cornwall great dark around miners. the assorted,and of The hole,through for several brings up As one " be The it slides to the level of the furnaces. we Mexicans, and which it is of the finest mountain-roads through which rode up, side like flasks,which mountain-sides, and entrance this that heavy adjusted, so the separated from in little globules into looks from fifty-six pounds, stopper. the carries the quicksilver into inclination, which largereceptacle, a a chambers the the into along passes it is as trough, extending along a Fahrenheit,when substances,is graduallycooled,until and we 480" ore thousand ; and under prepared for 160 ATLANTIC THE The landed is estate would the he to We divided enjoying were Lick seeing ride which turned, city near fine the the breakfasting House. is next holders along morning, Gate the grand for ury treas- visit, our and besides in beauty roadway. our ; it stock. surpassed the and ; the employed, often not to the with its ; appliance cash of processes Golden in in large costly every pleased the trees machinery returns the much in and scenery We the a large is company possessed among very instructed its they yield ore were the by extensive, that seem making of owned property PACIFIC. THE TO and face at again ten dining-room towards o'clock of we the CHAPTER To Yo-Semite. the Hotel. White Ride Size As of the is well Hotel. Grove Mariposa Routes. of Trees. Clark's " Big tlie chief tourist There shall as decry all the and routes, talked we making see the will the he give begins heard. New " John. reach you " it, and People Travelling. point interest of the For in those result very question two who of our important their talk to asked be to routes, who, weeks almost we glory, you valley. of course, looked over daily returned labor. ; the by the of for, if must time, that is,just at the breaking-up of the 14* and Capt. " How " different own. with trip is waterfalls is the for the their save saw the VALLEY. go?" as agents are we and is the we soon City Ranche. Trees. YO-SEMITE "How What " Fashionable " known, visited in California Merced " Mariposa. to Hatch's and The the The " The " XIX. The time you desire go in snows, 161 ; of to floodwhen 162 ATLANTIC THE thing seems every beredj the waterfalls dry with the waterfalls a are much more across the mountains San Yo-Semite The By of Trees Big the the within fact there one should go into the of to grand views is necessity, the see chose the to route, and enter the return be valleywe and and Camp miles must posa," Mari- Big-oak the of line ; by and, by the latter, ; ; that side,and one new and is,that you of it upon out inspiringscenery accomplishing a journey,which, hard trees" and in valleyby by doubt no have you while "big dred hun- a great Mariposa Grove four valleyon very from Grove. can the other ; for thus of east Merced ^^ "Chinese some it is fiftymiles. second, the shortest saddle-ride Of and and If journey is distant to reach the have we first, visit the Calaveras we mere season. denominated are the little south a ; but and Coulterville," Plat." a flood-time. make direct course, a hundred three routes of many only at to later in the miles fifty-five " all become pleasant is situated travel at least two and snows, from then secondaryconsideration, Francisco,and, in and melting remem- made are their volume and easy for^be it : Yo-Semite entirely;while up trickling compared The to water the of by the swollen streams them turned the way tiresome. the way As we wanted Mariposa Grove, of Clark's,or of Coulterville ; the we first although, TO if time had for it." line the eight,where Joaquin Valley to After miles away. gave under the very us the drawn up we could Our unfurnished atmosphere,were first night on our citybelles,of a complement The Four the months ago, spot where erected by now there us was fifty reached ride,we " Bloss byname he that could, sleeping-carsbeing to accommodate the the and " guests ; in." turn hot, oppresexcessively sive invitingsurroundingsfor you upon resolved we not always meet to such not a plain com- the to than more expeditions. earlylooking about is the hotel. the Central San some hardship,leaving that whom found the up unfinished hotel,named ; but for comfort morning half-past the very way reasonable of any young not our rough to tedious Good-night ! " " and room, " lies best accommodations only say, luggage about start genial landlord the side-track and city and circumstances, even on left the we dress City,which slow The Capitan." and cars, unfinishedcity and "El way. only such us Sacramento,at Merced a June, other city at four,p.m., and reaches change we our upon arranging our to the taken Grove 6th of train leaves the Lathrop,on " and necessary, The the of the have journey,taking along with our seemed as should visited the Calaveras the afternoon 163 PACIFIC. permitted^we route, and On THE house in the sight from Tliis great house Pacific Eailroad city. Company to was ac- 164 ATLANTIC THE the travel to the Yo-Semite. commodate high, a hundred Mr. to him of railroad offices all in the are others,to nearly all which from did under time, he of as for depart If Mr. of three number of mining and many stages start, is able to entertain arrive could are guests do as leaving manner a he that,by this sure, in the evening well as the from and morning at Bloss and the prise enter- up any dailylines we circumstances, the far of many centre pense ex- The the to Valley,Hopeton, livelytimes hotel. the an they arrive,which, together with Yo-Semite, make about at more. made City is It is the of which carriageswhich many dollars saloons,and Mariposa, Bear as villages, all modern furniture creditable is very a dozen largelivery-stables, unoccupied citylots. with building; and, so projectors.Merced of its and the fortythousand some progressed,it has work will add Bloss wings two thousand risingseventy-five It will cost improvements. dollars ; and furnished to be piazzas,and broad and by fortyfeet,with fifteen and It is four stories little to be desired. There and here good one We the citizen city about who had persistedin tellingus assured with in are us, its " that,when barking and should it got three taken of this grown, hundred up people; his residence of city,"and " pup it would astonish us growling.'' stronglyadvise tourists to arrange for a here ; for the from privateconveyance overcrowded, go by longer roads not are At in any appointedtime, the which foot-hills, the for comfortable so far as the as of the the cabin by Joaquin a have far " been greaterthan country which lies at the entrance these stocked with gives us a good here The strike we grain-fields Kature has now these goat ; and sheep and either side on of crops, the into to the made is by " valley. gravelly foot-hills, vast " the of the home great pastures well are This foot-hills of the there the fields which wool-producinganimals. idea and grain,which in this previousyear which rollingfields, the yielding immense are any these Beyond " headed bounded through vast fields fine ; and ripened,or nearly so, looks now off little growth of timber creek. some were the east. on drive rancher,or of banks along the distance the reaches,only relieved eye mail, and o'clock,we barley,covering the earth and of wheat often are the leave to seven twenty miles, we about stages respect. in great valleyof the San For 165 PACIFIC. THE TO region Sierra the Nevadas. During grown small ride, our familiar,aided,no bottle which and, with keep our his his team he teeth in "knight of the doubt, by the takes occasionally drawing motion, and at the tlie from his a pocket, manages time has of contents cork, same whip" to empty 166 of the some the big ; too wonder but, as here partake with He size. healthy. " Die !" ups Of the of being big things,no informed face said he. us " of No whiskey and out one mense im- the that exceedingly passing was were we people who general character the of dowijs and the stories of some history, (neverlackingin wonders) grave regionthrougliwhich the in the land were we stage-driver's yarns a should " career. he told us, lived at the ranches " his told his He and "box/' checkered had which liis mouth. liquidinto life upon his " ATLANTIC THE here would doctors." He, ever liking die,if it wasn't the last mode, had evidentlyadopted the first-mentioned to course for end his we are days time the within not appointed for mortals. But now attention which form the of spiresor domes, tiresome relieved to the the which rock-formation stand fields of eye, only by at sandstone,and almost crop hills ; and our as moving is This the grave-stones, covering the sides very to the ground of is another The of note. tlie is very become There herds. worthy of change great sheep-pastures, right angles out shapes,giving to ripening grain do the rise in often in fantastic or landscape peculiar beauty. for the the among surface,and the projectfrom in by the great ledges of sandstone is attracted agreeable; slate well the of strata underlying in shape like hills with a 168 bottom, and the refuse dirt to Here pan. used is the on all the now But little way just a when town " first to let you up have known kill the seen 'um a dies of his But, before entered I was the a told,some lost,and gloryforever of got I ; and they laid out for you old an town of Don't " but you W-a-a-1, coming a town, new see, here I have I tell you to stand graveyard. a to nobody large a city tells hour, and of " graveyard Mariposa, once " left here ; and number remain desperadoes, the stay chief things: they always crumbling,ruined story which A " are really digested the keepers,and of of sluice, a The said. you they have people of standing have saloon placeof driver says, graveyard ; had we thrivingcity,now and earlydays accord." own story,"we a improved is,however, quartz ; always know here,when out the Yes,'*we thing East to start man " know same the of water. use " them see you takes our on, can you in was the utensils of been never of the still. stamp-millsare I tell you, now it Estate Mariposa those grave-stones ? see has in the economical side rocker," one which to-day just as the over go " placer-mining. It more mining the saw mining, is California and also we in and upon, a ATLANTIC THE place. only a of here. a All few the shop miners, and, It is hopes blasted,of a sad fortunes gone. we were oif again,in a moun- drawn tain wagon where we the steppedupon and piazza,we "hung were erected Maine, few successive where who of such and, refreshing sleeppreparedus they the for to Clark's. at elevation ascends with is now on the swift at of of this creek are at an Mrs. ; ern," "tav- Hatch, pleased,who an banks elevation of the current, fiows fiood,some 15 of South by near shade road leaves thousand the crosses we forty-onehundred Merced the vide di- feet,between When the Merced. ; and the of three hundred fifty-eiglit and earlystart The Creek, and Chowchilla elevation we Clark's, and are Hatch's and the waters little house under hills, taken huge pines,we an mountains quitea are an of at a good things that of among feet,and to the now drive a delightful b}'' White's lumber the enlargetheir when were entertained They table a per sup- here from into tourists we keeper houseWe peoplecame went as good a walls/' kindly received by you soon Yankee a additions, they have so Hatch's, is left to find fault ? in the world A but,the satisfied ; are of ago. forced to are you spreads for Yankees years at first; they were increasing, and, by assured that these twelve travellers as outer saw-mill, and a business,some the upon long in findingout not were and Just night. stay over bed ; for the marks clean a White by two horses^for to were 169 PACIFIC. THE TO reach feet, River, which, house. The river to eiglitjfeet wide, seventy-five 170 clear crystal,and by its rocky bed as it as speeds along Semite who fork in foam the in pioneers of was served for China slept. a it In a a travel Yo- his of he themselves built and entered now has days and His the lighted, blankets, and a for tory, dormi- a indeed. his nature, and of Edwin The more " over Moore of and modations. accom- rifle. the He the days to Mr. business ladies is the preserves came the great a camp-fire,and co-partnershipwith he three- larger and with it to talk Mr. plates to-daythey have good lover which heartyhospitality dispensemake tent erect to dead-shot a habits,a into a first tin Clark, in his earlydays,was is still 1870 in luxuries were general management During ' had log-cabin, a nightly lighting the In here. country night the camp-firewas forced him his friends about gone." settled named, labor,is one into the came pine table,with buildings; hunter, and custom at two or Mr. plain in 1855 in those in substantial and they wrapped and which of section,who ; and year legged stools increase fruits of his is tent, the ground his table,and tavern around the ranch this enjoy the lives to now early as 1853, and north the whom Clark, from Galen of the as join to is tossed Valley. Mr. and ATLANTIC THE ing gatherthat the are ranch, Clark, and ; and of the the house all feel at home. afternoon of the day of our arrival,there TO THE came gallopinginto the white silk handkerchief greatsize His shirt. rested was gait of After Spanish,Mr. Clark his way across After Lake. Mono that understand " and away, visit on animation,the old Injun." No, indeed ever told them soon they will either But one have only a was their a overtaken the red to made to miles face full of of his tribe will soothsayershad They years over muchy far,old are with the tribes in the few and and on was thousand any be numbered ; while will survive which of which ocean of the Atlantic ground nor John. of the "Fresno," ! too the council-fires. around and away, neither he : utmost chief and, with ; we English a three said,"Whew man that other see ocean where Capt. mountains, about back walked the as was called " the other with he difficulty, lived we piazza broken he the much striped a his upon him that us of Indians a blouse,and and his in once-powerfultribe for of Clark addressed told head, pantaloons the directlyto little conversation a a Indian, Dismounting, he saddle. Clark cordiality.Mr. his greeted Mr. and sitting, were with mustang, a age old an flannel color,a in horse yard about real Mexican a the with white and 171 PACIFIC. fast their brothers great longer the men, passing middle ties calami- dwellers by ocean. to Capt. John of the Indians who attaches as peculiarinterest, Gjuided the first white men he was into the 172 valley. The under command of under the them, and with their the returned reservingonly enough and observed dug in the the coals in and their mode they eat with to eat with hard their table was ; and whole the we sat in lightedup by a A our knives a had we and of at each grunts. is hole From kind of the paste, ket, baswater-tight urged us and fish, found omit. Our to forks on recliningposition was camp, the fish put a tried the the fire, which Clark, and, while ; cooked. they make paste succession Mr. to away, thus the night, the house near fingers. Capt. John they ate, they grunted being a At therein were you," visited their we raked we I sarva me. them sold and them, that earth ; I exclaim," fire made a and cooking them. of them, delicious ; but them looked upon understand dried acorns, from men to-dayknows. they call bread,and which,from which As with covered made meal often glowing,they are are white for supper, ground,and pursuit ful the wonder- Clark's,Capt.John their trout, and with in pany, com- into of the little settlement the Indians when taken the world that he could means mountains, a guidance of friendlyIndians, ; and he would good friends the Capt.Boling,started which I staid at long as which up for the first time and grandestscenery As being very troublesome, chief,Te-na-ya,were valley; so 1850 in Indians having a strongholdfar and of ATLANTIC THE were our our gers fin- table,the blazingnear by. other ; their guage lan- TO day, althoughSunday, it was Next party should visit The make a led up horseback ride of to consider that a For and The I ladies first well could be." For him, called him fed him look ; back, he and me, then looked " was at as I selected tellige in- an turned some round his minutes several times and, were for that ing again. Coax- me after good as best the few minutes he know a a mule stay in the mountains ^sculapius,treated 15* for to let him ; and to behave ni}^ whole well used. them, built,and with his upon were preferreda mule, then whirled after ever twelve than more selectingand assigning me, willow-twigseemed and yielded, return, ^ gait,and I desired him should the towards countenance with and trip. Jumping eye. way ; and but best-looking, the to show little a four miles ; some footed,and, looking among being surer one, not TREES. of trees,and groups immediately began. for the our mules, bridled and saddled,were horses and by eighto'clock mounted seemed both BIG trail of a to of animals queer over "rounds" Our miles. OF GROVE grove is reached the arranged that the MARIPOSA but 173 PACIFIC. THE I to go him again in mule, which T trust mule as I kept kindly,rested that will region,I ever bo 174 ATLANTIC THE I noticed " their horsemanship were upon in not led being for he had him, put also showed in the in a all away the in conquering a mustang with those trees from a five feet The a " trail is an above over have succeed mule. trail for the But, if standing had we in a hundred a not satisfied been of grove circumference,and feet in twenty-fiveto a and of those the shade which an as a half from seventy- made a a side of far up their sides. occupiedin reaching the about still in the side of Congress has Sierras was of the magnificentgreat pines These it is called. elevation but sea-level, depressionin the cover and hour lie at pleasantone, being up very Upper Grove," trees bragging, high, mostly pines. spruces About hotel ; the us six to twelve hill,under and should bigger trees, we and off are we dies la- The course. mountain a vegetableworld. in the about hundred or sisted per- pitied one much that " nice, mule No his pityby pony But, all ready ! and of those be very tried to cityivay. talked don't always horsei6'o??^a?^ship, Eastern even those wonders who dirt ; for his fact. same or read who experience,and his they when child jpoor of "braggedmost poorest show the One sprawled grief, to came made animals. the loudlyof tliat those who thing, one a of groups hundred fifty-five little valley,a sort big feet of ridge. grant of two miles square, and 176 The the known one branches are fullysix large as something which with the assistance cord around from the in size I by the age to say mule-back whose mule where w^ell nearly as hollowed ; and old. fire had around, and rode for made us a to growing, its top showing are great vegetablewonders found have created so much a this cord (which of two others) inches in ; but have length. it is safe fallen)that a fallen it trunk, rode fire,we worked, rent no stretched on tree, still growing, but rode, turned we again. out ride and tree, decrease Through another side the large enough which by decay into the fire had eight feet with home for the is variouslyestimated years being five feet the measurements as Its could we side ; and one on inches. of this size allowance no data of those hundred the guides,w^e two as burning (fromthe was into tree of this tree is fifteen which show just ninety-two measures The would ground, making have, as now our the ground, three take Desiring to of the ninety- largest elms, many our feet in diameter. the is in diameter. risingthirty-onefeet as is at feet above, is sixty-four feet It is at the base circumference in inches the grove portionof GrislyGiant/' which " the as seven eleven and, in the southern great tree three feet me ATLANTIC THE There was one directlythrough the tree, it through, and signs ; and of decay. probably no comment as still was These trees these,all ever tlie TO learned and descriptions We the world journals of and forests, let great giantsof the these that them, and re-assured had we that been We returned in mule-back privilegedto Nature somewhat the proved tired with riding over the of behold existence the lightingof trail ; mountain a of the " parlorlater I those should in camp-firefound men." rough ignoranceshown by could I " gentleman ; College; that ; that ; their mode did not come make such son derived of life. out Not was was much that a than tlie their "dear Clark Mr, of man to extreme was graduate of recent a Yale tion great informa- knowledge from the them, I had versation con- learned " she again replied, I satisfied, brains. If a people." common placeupon many Fashionably-cutclothes people,farther said stay with to trips with her a door only a specimen of " here to associate with which the first at the and, by mingling with is the estimate his dress. lady, Moore Mr. I had this like the with me Passing would you only tell that his theless, but, never- evening,a citybelle Surprised at great majoritywho papas," the think not first experience our ranchers,listeningto their stories. This wonders God. a me, full mountain thoughts contemplatethe our Nature, thankful of them having given reviews. amid lunched 177 PACIFIC. THE go, with person a person, " fashionahle can travel 178 ATLANTIC THE through the Great our have and people, if shirt, tirade than ill few with the feelings, noble party, early To-morrow at we seven shall or o'clock not ; lovers reach whom and, the upon the we shall as the valley of met at start my trip, sensitive trail before for is the who me gave and of this help they the and color not for nature, the the could ; here for ; forget I wounded and we business else sions preten- homespun, women all women, in clean. fashionable annoyance created of only hope with ought fashionable beyond dresses men be it against more the and ranchers sturdy their State the of governor him deem he as iox respect any I afterwards, associate and West, PACIFIC. THE TO often of natures were along stopping-places. the nigh sunset. valley, thirty leaving miles, XX. CHAPTER The Trail Peaks. We made to go ; and the its creek source in reached by named a the of than Washington, know To must follow the more and then one or ; but roughest road crooked narrow journey nearly just than any it down number into Fork the of which sition. requithe of a what a you ever cow-path to a way have can feet went in had higher just wide old water. tideis by and over, the above above half be now feet mountain-trail idea some a brings trail lies to our hundred and mile six miles thousand a river and main We seventy-one or sea, large South lies between Alder, along the level Mt. the long our trail^ ascending very rapidly,we a A of Fall. brought great mountain-meadow. altitude an Mountain for a was was cross mentioned. a to ; and There mule we plateau,which the branch us bridge a Biver reach and Clark's from valley. horse every By Merced the into The " Yo-Semite The " early start an Yo-Semite. the Inspiration Point. " saddle-ride into Clark's from gining ima- by far pastures, enough 179 you for 180 to pass, and animal one ATLANTIC THE than little less throw then set this and perpendicular, occasionallya snow-drift know can of the something the earlyspring ; snows ten here swollen;and, in the spots where is grass quantityof hard packed from six to ten shadow A feet of rocks and trail is peculiar: for in way around few hours a we going are are it is have must are the gone, been and the it follows the takes or a " the an in the white." first struck great pains to rock,when a path ; new the in ground clothed path crust, are the but out, long a go labor of still there something fascinatingin followingthe windings of a is our road. narrow The have character of the those which Pinus the you streams snows over is still trees open deep, and the pass depth ; fallen tree would the to us though farther,and even it across here ; for the drifts of snow, snow enough tion inclina- an in the mountains There just springing up. immense feet melting; are at then trail whicli to-day (June 10). Up over path of the flowers,too, are to the sun beauties ; but which has delight in contorta, Picea forests trees changed these grandis, Picea high Sierras are ; and elevated amahilis formed. now we places,as : of these The early blossoming,and opening their brighteyes it is too later the frosts and earlyin cover the snows. the the season ground, ^nd for the floral make you get for- THE TO By View o'clock one Meadow/' whose We snow. reached we a " a in the now face to face with place called the on Mountain " in the it were, great basin,as loftypeaks rise are 181 PACIFIC. tains, moun- side,covered every and high Sierras, with brought are the grandest mountain-range on continent. lunch We for name a log-cabinand made partitions by I)osa takes during of charge and, that charm, a each she does it the and around it,who Peragoy'sthe From well,the To call country between ridges,and the for cattle now grass other few weeks that crossingthese meadows, 16 have the no beauty; no tuell-'psiymg is to her rest. can entering the one Glacier by Point. risingin sharp rolling;now into the valley, a pretty meadow, springingup, offeringabundant during the In the settlingback is eyes trails diverge; is lives table,with her Peragoy from loudly for extras, which into praisesfrom many she Mari- him Mrs. to and in which and valleyby Inspiration, snows. to the her the mountains ^^eZZ-loaded grandestsightupon where property is owned ; and summer great meadow well-set guests The house,with Baltimore lunchingtravellers told full well. company the pretentious takes country to dig gold. Stock-raising this meadow but a frame The from came House, small one cloth. of cotton Peragoy,who one View at the Mountain they now are free filled with food from sur- 182 face water, often in ATLANTIC THE efforts his sink, and he would thousand seven and at this of altitude, run at any speed ; and, until the sea ; walk or accustomed one's self,as catchingglimpses of the huge not comfort. dis- the to exert be taken should it,care to great a our impossibleto has become one and, upon feet above it is course, ; shallow,down reach we hundred four fly at find water, to feet would highest point which The trail is our would seemed which creek to his knees mire mud the get out, to crossinga in rate, or, would mule our evil results often follow. But we now are the valley; and a mile or takes so get we walk Dismounting, we then The scene. hills which but a Bridal of from to opens is rise in little way Veil throws out view our sun of first view our us to that the west its : great cloud top of the of spray. spot, in the front We are the huge granite seemingly of us, than white,flowing robes to ; and enchanting,awe-inspiring reallymore rock valley. juttingrocks Po-ho-no, and, fallingsix hundred the the portionof the upon the a just sinkingbehind off,but famed of POINT. INSPIRATION Here side the farther rise upon towering peaks which and walls a mile, the the over and thirty feet river,breaks far above face this into fall. On a 184 precipitousside The and and its sides ; the into three climb can Prof. below depressionis to the State those " its walls ; The by which as will start feet before step to us. tion generaldirec- by east,until which it is and wild near divides we gorges down of we A the teristics lip its charac- sums of the Yo- from distinguished approach near all verti- to the small very trail ; and twenty-nine hundred have new little way of and the of of amount giganticcliffs." of these bottom width the with compared reachingthe of the way, of the second, their great height,not only talus,or dehins,at the base steep climb the principalfeatures : the valley itself; and, finally, a face sur- calls geologistof California, valleys,are, first,the absolutely,but We the ; higher Sierras beyond. follows Semite, and nearly level sharp turn, a gigantic trough,"and as mile a generallevel north-east through up Whitney, calityof the it ; and it makes canons, valley "a known mile a end, where its upper is area half being solid granite of the finest grain. almost of this ; its from from perpendicularly region just around mountain long by in width almost rise rock It is sunken six miles half a give a general us valley. about valleyis mile a mountain, let of this this wonderful idea of to ATLANTIC THE the we make must and seventy- valley. At inspiringviews down, we have the each sented pre- spot THE TO where and Bierstadt him to transferred points,the be must care say animal would begin look to present is to surelycause up the high ; but hundred avoid in and our the other side Veil of On into the granite,but as up journey five hundred are down left than the Indians are named have we of we it,as we fall a thousand a feet advances. season Eock, twenty-six Spires,which those rocks,risingone the your now upon feet,and, as "Leaping Frog Kocks," from 16* Falls,which rise,just forms, they are other, called by which the misstep of a Cathedral which some course, trouble. our more sixtyfeet high ; their lines and frogs,but spirit. accident; for although serious little this fall dries some indicate, the has impressed of steep,and, of Bridal granitecolumns, out in out sharp edge to, instead Virgin'sTear, a pass he are stands danger,still no called We it as a InspirationPoint. at the view which Capitan,we and, ; taken rightis our El trail is very there guides On found picture, wide. reallyvery At to Hill only in outline,but nearer its massiveness for his great grandest, and not canvas it seems valley, did trail,where seemed approach we with to his sketches the little off a which As made 185 PACIFIC. as their the tinct dis- are names brings sun beauty. rare and over above Pom-pom-pa-sus, their resemblance in the survey " to The On or three Three 186 ATLANTIC THE Brothers," tlie highest and hundred Bridal its swayed like the flowing dozen a Merced as trees, and was a sound over spot just to the like fall tbe a as the least fall,at rain. of on column of "The name the came Indians feet our among up shower darkness as The awful. more us the fall into deep. Leaving rode of seemed There them, so base strikingthe the wind of gave came spray weird it all the the of us the as losing itself this was of party, some got quite near the where the of veil. some the water, it dragged through rest forded we the base, it seemed its from running and ; spray, at white long a streams and, ; of increased grow thirty-eight approached we foaming which the tall trees among the of mass rises As thirtyfeet high. Veil, its beauty seemed wind to be which of and ; the made of water here they came the Spiritof It Night Wind," in their language Po-ho-no. A mile brought us little farther on to heard was spray. rock To rises,which the house The and the where the in back the of are hotel,Leidig's;and Black's,where of the roar the " has hotel we had great Yo-Semite moonlight is called we first to came we stay. ; to the could we a termined defall the see great tower-like The Sentinel the name, Rock "New " ; and Sentinel Hotel." Too tired to eat, and with mind crowded full of the TO incidents of the sleepby the Indians the sun in the the higher,his slid down beams their marked burst rocks and his we the the morning scarred lost which the the waterfalls could I one and, ; in bold whole of enjoyedin earlymorning, or the the he as the rose gradually relief their his at last and full sparkle in beautiful ; more most but our valley,causing shine to be its first mountains rocks,and out the bed till the beautiful and fast-bell break- views of have the valley. just at sunset, we of the FALL, YO-SEMITE probably the is valley,and in with greatest attraction height (two thousand thirty-four feet)surpasses the world sun by time, until upon Nothing rang This to opposite : surrounding sides,bringing and quite dark persistedin remaining in best view as amply repaid for were valleyit was glory trees those who In the and glided over and in beams. Nature the watching for out were pinnacles of gilded with rays we rose, In spires and forms GrislyBear/' great waterfall just on valley; early start. were Great " lulled valley. Before beams retired,to be soon of the the called side of the day, we roar 187 PACIFIC. THE like volume all other of water. six known It in all the hundred waterfalls is formed and in by 188 a creek of the its bed has rock, is from hour. a of into three parts ; the fifteen hundred feet,where shelf,which the from makes front back the of cascades,it finds its way six perpendicular, edge of the where cliff, pileof debris,and by The the volume fall;and the wind it sways the reaches the As time. masses, within of The of the foaming shelf,to it tumbles and seems mass, granite,causes view : positions without water some from is too which the this fall varies in some, it appears an polished it. it strikes The upon thousand two final feet series a of being,in into very by it,that it like rocket- air is collected the flattened report much another, the cascades ced. Mer- be broken falls in which one a feet at flood- it cliff, the the out, before hundred like the effect upon by a plunge upon widens three like is upon great to an to whirl ; sound mile first,a vertical is carried and, fallingupon a ; in a has such mass, from twenty-six feet)to it makes rivulets the over a (thedescent and of break step cliff;and, by down hundred to nearly lower of granite dangerous fall is divided descent the over, pours It width, and current a it is that smooth, depth,with in away, snows. it pours where forty feet to miles ten by melting granite,and, feet in it is fed and twenty Where heads which name, in solid to three two same Hoffman, in Mount so ATLANTIC THE of in a shelf cannon. different continuous appear fall between the whether far width), the sight in mile this By time do ready, also,to bewitching,it trail The brings us a the last east store, the brought the These is cross river;but the end of the and our meadow. mountains. is water bridge,we animals Soon On go the all the the the graniterock, called valleydivides " so Hazeltine, the they Near the left water and the North into three main across the that great " get the at the channel, a great towering Koyal Arches, dome-shaped Dome. canons, which to span we between have we of Hutchings'swe the valley narrows Mr. rude ; and ought only across by furnished,was are high, that,when are in lectured material bridgewhich leg-deepin Washington Column, of business, somewhat pack-mules. a oif. are we so Cosmopolitan Saloon, are omitted, as upon animals dormitory erected new structures upon the Merced so of centre winter),Smith's built,and with which over and : photographic gallery of all elaboration they are the to soon and telegraph-office, Hutchings. there to go were Lake, is Mirror name, we Our tramp. our (keptby Hutchings, who Hutchings'sHotel in the as voted was a imposing,and ready,and was it justice after up ; and brought are and grand is breakfast our than Niagara. enchanting than more point, any valley(here more the across or near, from and perpendicular falls ; two 189 PACIFIC. THE TO At this mass point Tenaya, through 190 ATLANTIC THE wliich branch a Nevada, middle or flows ; and the righthand, of little way the up the South Tenaya, glacier; and, climbing they but every because On no our had into way a has earth,deem An attractive the see of the some it a of ; ber num- staying humbug, a getting to it. will take name beauty unnoticed, rare names. heaiitiful of Merced squaws men, Indians, pounding who, like disgraceto work, but acorns other lords willing are suf)portedby others. the more afternoon we strolled about satisfaction and Miller,the poet first to of the great is Lake ranchero a time the trouble given them this undoubtedly fine and leave spots of visited we chance meal, and of the to be one who a it has uncomfortable Mirror thing. of that proper are it very mass river ; and misnomer, and a tliose parts. in the many, with found is mosquitoes make So it is with In lake don't pa}'- for the time and and a the the water in reflections to call it around great a find of the At Lake." call '^Mirror of flows. to this,we over of the waters some up day, the south-west,the Fork come we Merced granite rock, evidently the moraine broken dammed the main that to the or flows ; the name through which one, lUilouette, through which A of that Merced of the of the comfort. Sierras,who making Englishmen by ourselves,and AVe has met the acquainted with Joaquin credit the of grand 192 ATLANTIC THE of proprietor offered his services to the he guide. Although as he assured would the enable him of the map the name, talked so struck ; and he " are the air of confidence familiar Good party. a to described " and a three those three with Pete handsome Pete an ?" ones Hutchings's all right5 and, Hutchings proposed a walk, and tea, Mr. had Pete name. said Sisters," ain't them ment judg- lookinglike as party inquiredtheir ; is his that for questions.Coming party reached The him and Missouri mountains length a bargainwas at the valley, study of valley; I have of the Them Pete, off with safelyinto to all make would the his and trail, interest. started great rocks which frogs,some the that plausibly, took them ready answer experiencein Yo-Semite points of with in never follow the to mule-trains been had his that them the after panied accom- them. Mr. the Hutchings was grand scenery, three one when presentlyhis huge rocks,and, callingthe to them upon of the party Pete, you Pete, ever track week." of " said, another,we us three Those call the in amazement told the discoursing upon ' they were of the sons per- the ; for he ^ which Brothers.' up, ready,answered, "Hang Hutchings'snames these rocks huge and no " lie One cried, Why, " Missouri it! of caught attention Three looked eye beauties one Sisters." " can changes them keep every TO And no these popular significance have been to been handed each of word " at had Indian the most is which it thing 17 to ^^ Ho-ham-e-ta,^^ him, " a it great would ! is have which had and generation, to retained, have often names appropriateness pronounces awful generation some Yo-Semite/' Indian old and better much the from down which the How preserved change, do iiames all. 193 PACIFIC. THE And Anglicized and grizzly the even it ; for signifies bear. XXL CHAPTER Canon. Nevada Trees and Flat and Ride back We again grand early,and rose towards (foryou have ready, I off to was see clearness spreads out clearness over of the peculiar beauty by to Watkins go was of the the upon water, to those character. of San Stage- then the before the charge of mule, ^sculapius, in the its towering face, and Long sky. that the appreciated by their river. absolute atmosphere, give and Crane among to The Francisco these fine The quiet meadows, together with effects in great truthfulness. 194 of troupes,under reflections the The " tramp a best is blue in Trees. Big some debris the " Merced. of height the upon to Gentry's. to up of Flowers, Shrubs, The " enjoyed foot great up guides) was made the to trees up looking Grove Coulterville through Trail The " Tuolumne Their climbing and Valley. South old rocks. party the of Falls. Nevada and Vernal " the treme ex- as it great reflections photographs reproduce these ATLANTIC THE "When the rest of the distance some TO are We AND three Our the flows pleasingof main at the lies up way The river. had we wandered to us FALLS; valleyproper begin. canons wliere from the takes NEVADA the most among leave up; the trail which up VERNAi;. which party came 195 PACIFIC. THE all the waterfalls. point where the middle in Merced, Yo-Semite, makes feet in two descent a miles ; of and, besides have the two falls mentioned. and, after ride ette,which a is of quitea the or the thousand two follow we the up the cross more, Here stream. into roaringcascades,we We mile a than more one, coming above, down high mountain-plateau the the Illilou- over go river, mense im- an deposit of huge angular granite blocks,which, undoubtedly, have some tearing rate. We received the Indians called the and trail which soon at of name Pl-unj-ach, or has some fall is four hundred ; for the of its arrived popular the mountains rises very bed, must the first Vernal, great body of you flow at ceive, perful fear- a fall,which has but the which Sparkling Water, appropriateness.The feet,as by rapidly,and surging river,which the inclination from from torn great ice-floe. The follows the name been nearlyas water which a " height can flows be over of ured meas- this 196 ATLANTIC THE the squarely-cutstep/'as it into spray, which rises nearlyhalf As upon this give to " the shines sun which produced, beauty. One loves up the rocks within fall side. on every Around the Por a Fall. This than is the lip of the and upon the alone our in high, and is ^^ Cap has our the a collection of valuable in a rocks, volume as trees to of water It names, Liberty." Two vdiich of edge to talus of the or all directions feet the near grow high ; and three hundred feet. rock, which stands two but that spot,a largeslide took place,which being given in is about days the it falls upon falls descends mass Nevada up is fall is six hundred huge steep trail, very way is thrown great grandeur. several and, ; spray This left rises of a projectingrock,just at the among its a foot,the river between To make of water foot of the fall. the the be very fall,a whirling motion volume at the by covers here miles,by two grand sight,the a large; and by debris spot, climbing plants. very central are exquisite is thrown the moisture sharp ridge,we along rainbows this would the fall. as scene which spray made, which be little more a whole plants thrive; and could this class of the high as lingerabout to is broken canon, beautiful fall, the where falls, cryptogamous mosses in were thousand feet generallyadopted before we visited the levelled great trees, TO filled up with and, for gorges, flyingstones covered with We have which The Snow one asked and he visited found in Nevada where As his wife. Mr. Snow succeed there were knew in a And Greenwood and Whoever any the East seen more John 17* " and those between man. is a them Although little inn, Mrs. baked beans " "- all seemed scenes valley should of the other white the the ; comes Snow was. the at ; and Muir, was only people happy. again? sublimityof " Drew here, and (Mrs. Lippincott)was visits the acquaintedwith than the like see it too and ; " which tone hundred enough people from has a those "I'll be deliberation, so all making all the beauties who they were kept by Albert is where utmost and than shall I Grace many in more gave when ducing pro- approached the house, some w^e the Vermont. they " rock where lunch Yankee, and his wife is Yankee Snow grand,yet as be to canon. we if he !" if I know Old from chanced picturesquespots than more no repliedwith darned scene thing every their feet. little house and the who fear ; for the very have we have to-day we described extreme under around,filled the air granite-dust.Those here at the time shook rods many and ; 197 PACIFIC. THE scholar valleyand to drink them. about find and in and become enthusiast, adjacent country Visitingthe valleyabout 198 four ATLANTIC THE he ago, years became and business,and for three book Our evenings the clock to The struck the enough It made, and first white in selected has he set trees, has He is few a of years, He the an a and, ; that the from Mr. made few so served, I ob- more Muir facts Agassiz, that with been valley,and theories person the have gorges ended we made a of must acres be to man valley. as has passed out and the are He seen, take scientific our thorough ination exam- cultivated a up 1860 a and strawberry-patch, man. intelligent John Mr. ; Lamon, and, valley for year in the fine orchard raises some a who dence resi- permanent the into the entire been result. came early as all immense by far, only superficialglances have crude Another believe to night one valley advanced the ; and arose strange seems for,so ; was doubts and discussion. of satisfyme here ; well succeeded. before morning formation visited the have the up reading this great cabin; instructive did deep ploughed ice-floes. men in most residence he has ; and three obtained were "been in his little never more has he says of the theory he its closed home, permanent spent a was me by Whitney such we his up now, years, nature," as of what took impressed with returned he grandeur and sublimity,that his much so and number Yo-Semite. of apple- vegetables. 200 THE sible with be made or trail, any We Rest and opinion that of the the over with it snow, portionis turned togetherin the weight late from in both a of to filled with ; and health to cross in we get at last the and before covered least is frozen brought this way, beds often Rocky morning sage pas- it will sustain In ing dur- of snow deeper, even Mountains. were came hour every ; and scenery a mind, that,as icy part valley,we the ascents allow the over go depth,and the the snows could we for our promised ourselves,that, should permit, we out the reach to mountains its rider. the would satiate ourselves spot, and To and grandeur of only regret when in mass, water, and feet in stay the these August, they twenty our be borne finding pass to firmlypacked, that so and enough whole the Sierra Nevadas During and into mule a hard over the mass July ten rises go upon the would new beauty. able attempted week It must warms of being not had packed sun elements own another crusts. summer's the be would snows year mountains, without its who those by higher Sierras,but the and prevented; were with Year to impossibility an of the any each it is disappointedin were Cloud's ; and upon views, and new exertion. reasonable any paths will ATLANTIC of the the river upon with valley as a again visit its we this parture delife enchanting glories. had flat-bottomed had proposed,we boat,called " The Ferry," and old El the our make up to four miles and our being about way the foot of the hill,and and the than three thousand we view the was of great valley,let of the the The flora. deliciously fragrant. and are showy. very seen, and meadows, ferns some half In in very a us to the rise of blossoms On and pause to top, more take pleasing flower swamp-cheese call we both were superb of the river the banks whose grandifloriim, find Helleniunn a most what of masses whose (Azcdia occidentalis), and Black's from vertical a sharp very of the hill ; the top miles and two a by out feet. out are By half a equivalentto ascent Before short it. the the face of brought was occupied in passing by grade we a directlyaround way size of which Capitan,the time trail make 201 PACIFIC. THE TO flowers we yellow, are pond, yellow pond-lilies little and, in the great variety, peculiarand rare swampy sedges,or coarse grasses. The spruce lus trees principal {Alnus viridis)^ Douglas of Gilead Balm (AbiesDouglasii), poplar(Popu- (Lihocedrusdecurrens). Among Nutkanus^ In alder halsamifera), yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa), the cedar wild are rose the the shrubs are manzanita the Cornus Nuttallii,Rubus (Arctosta phylos glauca),the (Hosa hlanda). sandy placeswe have several varieties of pentste- 202 the mon, the Frangula Callfornica, lina),the smaller less characteristic we have point far up on place,we a has turn add a valley; the is drivingthem, drove and ahead above well christened us, Gentry'sby as our is new " the rode up drivers who and two, quiesce. ac- ther far- is averted lad who Mexican drives pass them in we But safety. at are At the they have always hunters the on Hotel," it will trail of the out Alta-mont tourists ; but is left for or danger, which reached,and addition, valley. cattle, being driven Gentry'sStation. as worst little a difficulties, all to the old ranchers by luoman a cattle,and of the hill is the a of tlie parties one his horse allowing us known a all,save spurs the in into of the young of the will do for Eastern well many reached parleying,it some here who have down of four wild quick movements length the top as After further to by house with ing shrubs,cover- here, just compromise, for a decide ; and meet we into the rocks and we botanizing, party coming a back. To in flowers trail ; and place for guides to on been our meet Here's gets (Pteris aqui- ground in patches. While to brake Spracjuea umhellata, together and the the ATLANTIC THE which becalled of the bring their stages region, this to point. As tied we to iEsculapiusfor a tree,jumped the last time, we from our could mule, not and resist TO pattinghim of He hay. made a the on carried misstep,and kind master back towards the he shown him have the with wishes best valley,our had obedient an always may guide led bunch a mile, never a many that trust the us generallyhad and, as ; him head, and gettingfor had disposition.We 203 PACIFIC. THE others with went a that mule. This the mountain, Big or is the end Oak Messrs. the of whether and Gentry by come you After Flat. this carriage-roadon of way side of Coulterville good dinner, given a Stockird,we off were by us our upon return-trip. Seven consists miles of the latter our team we brought largebarn, two a the being obliged to were inn Flat. sheep, took good the which had. there can was but, as ; Although still finding a allowed us we made table up in the to use, we our and of to saloon,which penned one of be Mr. our after with us Enough to eat partitions, you arranging minds Ann Mrs. beds place uninviting a As looks care few buildingshave in difficulty perceivesome large company. way, the she saloon ; day before, her husband his fifteen thousand accommodations the night ; while a village travellers. of resort over The houses, and their drive by stay keeps the Gobin, who frame popular tired out was Crane to us in for a every satisfied;and Hurst former kindly chapters, 204 ATLANTIC THE made and " been to put for this. notes our The the uses/' according to baser doubt, had table,no of custom the country. We Trees Big retired we Gobin An the To surroundinghills. just as entered we guide our at " trees stand sheltered beauty of by the any others. feet in diameter. among ing, morn- watch of of the walk, our Sequoia were, ! for this way this done have hard a there's the are a There must The good ? same amply repaid me. one, so hill,in the those largeas specimens, which some and in way" northerlyslope of form, symmetry, tree, which partly-burned three interest "keep the still there soon light of keeping position ; and, although not Mariposa, be to feelinglike encountering one did you upon were gray the to morning, seven. we the Keep not we at forest where tramp, although My a and, Wouldn't earnest. The " ; fellows, these the out, sang hole grizzly's add the ging arran- announced was huge sentinels like seemed and, : in us ; and in which, sugar-pines, them see stage to be off uncommonly earlystart the tall of breakfast early; for ready at six,and to of miles of three circuit a conduct to Grove Tuolumne within resolved we Master with South the situated was place,and this of told that were healthfulness,are is have trees stump a been axe some for passed unsur- left of a twenty- ^onjewhat scat^ tered,but than the well are could we road, which where rising,and rather to home, at what had went eat the stage By the the way, California S. Harris had them so Our the is a Joaquin Valley. as a a a the worst at hand. 18 not, for sights; we of vegetation. ready were sittingupon friend our Daniel the necticutCon- to imagine,a surprise around built continual in the become What us fear the his meet sides of to the down is,that A met will few an they do miles San will one oppositedirection facts. place,we " had accompanied by steep grade,takes fears was magnificent they were we was way, One's early homes. our narrow rule,one's dilemma " a specimens but up He can you carriagecoming seemingly for my me such house, door. drive from far away hills, and, by meet as to party had our Mass., presidentof Springfield, it was, road all such the to termed evening,while should out way breakfast,and to the last of and back see see our E-ailroad ? wife; our trees, and to but can't came piazza,who the examination completed through late, as they seen we Nevertheless, when made followed -we loss of we breakfast," we We Although they bantered breakfasted. and extended more recently been has arrived we a them. section,which this can worthy give 205 PACIFIC. THE TO ; and, on, in up-stage. A ? " cried the 206 ladies ; and troubled the and drivers of perplexed. to the gave then he ; then wheels he the horses it up to by; the the horses the In this drawn turnouts; that it in the but only made paths, here and would the there valley,sometimes frequentlyis very skeleton is seen Bower of telling noon Cave formation. we seen way, the reached of carcass has been toilsome road a is this a plan nicely, so all mountainof a stage feet below roadside horse or or in ; and mule, ing killed,its whiten- journeys. Pechart's This the went better hundred by road, the each some the wreck many a is located. The be overturned which, failingby the About valleyseveral any slightdelay. Along a holding us upon knights managed our pass stage passed slowly mountains, where vehicle, sometimes some the into ; of the two of again up stage, our passengers attached, the people seated, and great undertaking, there of half-dozen a horses, get out, and position,our i^^-stage was by carriagealong with tumbling do\yn it his the of one his wagon bank, and the Except on. drew feet. of charge people in prevent hundred drove the for rights; to the between unhitch the down words few to in they A incidents,looked up-stage began them had sucli to things put accomplishingwhich, and unused men, seemed driver on ATLANTIC THE cave rock, having been Ranch, upon is worn in a away which limestone by sub- 208 in 1850, left Germany, and Unsuccessful as to his trade as shop and some of the his finest (forhe here which have been to the near woods, which we sent into he fashions Europe over distance. a which trees saw found. ever orders from he receives be to in his little and, ; attention entirelyalone),we in wood finest work insure in the reachingMerced our afternoon,it was We had a give him exquisiteforms, here to have The which the decent a part of out came entered About our way hotel for travellers well to trouble hot was of the foot-hills is on us and a few our with a opened, plaint, general com- do well would route by their road. before way heat ; but dusty and miles is not south the the sun latter tedious. We of where we them. one Snelling,the Merced of that us to arrange better house guests receive managers earlystart got high enough a experience our one every train by five,a.m. start and, from advise night until over for the treatment and should ; for the time in arranged to breakfast meagre we Coulterville, to remain was lives his boxes,tables,canes, "c. To at again turned of his handiwork remains Mariposa country. in nice woods worker this country ; and and of a to the came miner, he a house Specimens He ATLANTIC THE o'clock seat River,which we drove the livelyvillageof County, situated of Merced is here into a beautiful river,and on the would THE TO furnish it. found dinner what is often in seen "tidal A this the lield to the cable,attached large pulleywhich secured; it being held,carries The men, apparatus one a post when away the from driver to near the were train promise of from the loss of reach a 18* and stay the boat the hawsers, is in which The hawsers and down, it oppositebank. not was two his at house,a long distance deal of noise when his our he dinner. from our plained com- came, This delay train at Merced. the driver,by especially over cityof regular Merced night. Without we wages, just a the as the only the politenessof over is boat managed by was a the across cable. boatman who, up, allowance an to us a is called the justright, in his took taken starting; saved the horses,and our enabled was up, but costingus By urging the along As the fellow being a ferryas a and tackle-block a swiftlytowards river,it rouse of came drove get miles out, stretched pushing the Chinaman. we is crude ; the boat was few here,and of ropes by the current and to for place,this such was seldom means rolls It stream, headed the is pushed into of the saw and, a place, cable stout river ; and a good place a ferry. a boat,by demand any hotel. Europe, but ferry." was little we from away the river upon crossed House good home-like a hurried We Gait the and, from ; be must if there good water-power We 209 PACIFIC. ductor con- look at 210 any body the cars, or and As " In this valley,a cut, leaving the During our acquaintanceof Brothers, among have valley,who ten thousand flour-mill make information so in would The down Mr. C. J. the Cressy,of largestfarmers in wheat had heads either side on as the the climate sections,a fail in another firm and millers little attention and, by From the a Mr. Cressy we cultivation of Cressy mode found the in than more sheep,run to gained of wheat much in successful a ness, busi- their soil of California and the formed we six thousand some own regarding soil of this covered was the now Modesto, to this year it i^y. different " land standing straw Modesto, valley; but, as exclaim, sky." the the ago, which from ride acres, at for reach. could eye weeks few been the but not which, in country extendingto waste grassy ripened wheat, as level,and " with far towards way leagues forsaken lie, Level A our stage into plain,so could lived,we had weeks, we two the from character on the vast over of the out line. main join the we different in again soon were again looked we tumbled thing,we any Lathrop, where so ATLANTIC THE this varies here place. valleylooks like sand, and is,in fact, TO into dust ground granite, The Yo-Semite. of he for. immediately behind the Nothing grain is ripe,and and plant to and this almost plan,year a heads of of the grain. The dragging it ; a which leaves the and roll, at it till the to They plough the first sowing ; When the field. This simply clipsoff it push grain is follows carried an upon alongsideof the apron header carried to convenient are the along, instead -, piles, bags,and into the clean, and which grain perfectly the time sent John the valley,and, The ground the Mitchell,the between to harvest. (earlyin October),and owns seeders,also drawn steam-engine is driving a threshing-machine, interfere with Mr. and through the horses full,the heads where and, by the which wagon, and, when once and ploughs ; is followed. year, sists con- as harvest. which great cutting-machine, into the at the as as many is done header a has their start ripening of after run farmer more the plough just to seed, cover, ready for grainis ripe,they is the the gang-plough follow the drop time. same each They them by horses, which A begin. of these find teams can is,to begin rains ; and seven the ice-floe whicli made by custom the autumn as soon 211 PACIFIC. THE fiftyand this year, had is Here market. straw is put rains no is all burned off; cleared,the rains begin ploughs are started. largest farmer sixty thousand in California, acres raisingthirtythousand in this acres 212 ATLANTIC THE in wheat is divided ranch His alone. different sizes ; and upon each and whom he rancher, a the one-half has he in his He which bushels by well per wheat, very the acre, and Before of had in the to was to house domainhis ; and fiftythousand a of this valleywill acre ; and seeded few we train I at will little ranchos yieldtwenty The price two cents more. speak, was too was Modesto, spend Sunday reached become train and ; while much it Lathrop Sacramento. Sacramento, but although those instances which be ended soon the home at his of Mr. house, and own the ranchos. till Monday I riding ranch. long waiting,the towards ranches, his vast and conversation interesting arrival return per time the at Gressy, who then takes in gentleman a barns, bays, from on hundred two ploughed at the pound Our bushels ten were be to in yield average than per will be work of his lands. dollars from The said small his time of fine team a directingthe and this year more by bachelor,and a income of drawn spends and seed, and or sections, and sections houses furnishes these hundred, a buggy, is Of crop. about house, to to has he into came I had dark was which up decided all the attached to their Eastern rest " was to " ; to were homes. and, some to take to stop after at a us ton Stock- of whom push on to TO It only was train, the friends in I away, felt and all into and shall Long desire Muir out dh't the read in such our is far summer that thought was gers, stran- among ! the hotel repair to in appeared moved moistened at soon better train home away rents great trip my greater among grand city, were first for remember now we with together irresistibly far-off speeding the so manj'- character out As tear a found all our tions, direc- plenty. was I in buss, and bring a I left leave to Journeying found. that condition, dilapidated during " ; whom I as me with thrown. will I a over contrast ever friends my Grand " have and came such days lonely, so Jumping named I ISTight, eye. my for where any in and, ; Philadelphia, necessity stage-coach than my of are you a and and Stockton to sadness of Boston kind, uniformly miles feeling a from whom few a 213 PACIFIC. THE hook scenery. than those of to the before Yo-Semite to wonders, Nature which go and j and stay with lies and Mr. spread CHAPTER Stockton. A " California. to It would flowers In In San the Season are seen to such in seen of covered feet,it ride All of,say, California prevailingto a are them." 214 out The brilliant to let us know At an earlyspring; ground snow : and, at still ing cover- plant-lifeare flowers of the color,the that rest. midsummer; was the in plants at were gradations in days. very of found. flowers. great extent, seemingly, as prettilysaid," under two feet,it Sierras. ; the was bright Trip beautiful are autumn winter, the was these seasons a Journey. the seed, and with the the among distance,it just pushing earth. a short was their of, say, five thousand thousand in a was plants were the journey a make to describe to Joaquin Valley, it the earth seven Year of the of Expenses " elevation,all the an the mountains elevation Joaquin. pleasingtask a blossomed, produced and the be San the down The " which going had Up Trip XXII. Grace tains moun- yellow wood Green- yellow gold is 216 ATLANTIC THE Once flows. its trade away, and under water. by Frenchman, a takes the good city The and I early the would a at which we who his calls in morning next that it was " a that I took " Grand/' with should after slip of The and I as lodged is kept are room If well cloud,"as house neat a fairly-servedfood. know to say care house it has dwindled now under " seems of you, care cooked rose large; but was fairlythat say arrival,you my " the pen I so : take exti^emely fashionableeleven- an o'clock breakfast. Finding commissioner he where to hear The friend, the my of publicschools,we but officiated, a by found afternoon any future the It is to so of its which had city,where west formed anticipate a by will command begin the and the the to the overflow Sacramento, and injured I cannot It large city. has not in stretch These great of set sun- of the away tide-lands rivers consist is too at extremity western see itself any prosperity. Just horizon. of the and cit}^, present prosperity which ^^z^Ze-lands, very the unhealthy, that so wandered to Joaquin ill humor in were church badly situated,so and Sacramento, the capital, we the around strolling me and railroads, elements Fitzgerald,ex- attended we own notions growth. good reasons near the must Mr. sermon. tryingto gather some and E"ev. called to are San soft,porous soil, thoroughlysaturated with make which all of which deep,hut the country the rush have of custom a river ; and An the State. to allow sufficiently the next it is fit for season satisfactory crops better Francisco and found of wheat The market. I know to go be destined We acres, of no rivallingthose of the experiments being now into such be to a gorgeous 19 of its patronage around planting. dries up the raisingvegetablesfor is done work power the sunset that told was been raised ; but the farms had they are in,and turned I of number a season one being country,and fit them and the could exposed ; which the survive but San the Chinamen by other class of laborers who lingereduntil the most for adapted of disease to which vast of the ; and the water keeping out of acres, the and acres, the dike is made immense river has banks reclaimingthese lands,under tried of the soil are of steamboat-hands along fires prairies.There Western seem firingthem soil,is height a the vast dry,the they have then attains quite Covering in the porous these somewhat become plantshave drained has slu." " August, when In eightfeet. low, and become title the have bayous are of them lands,many which (tu-la), tide There water. miles,and growing for called five to from far into these up 217 PACIFIC. THE TO they ; be dangers to seem shall reclaim these for cultivation. sun we went ever down, looked and upon. we beheld Talk of 218 the Italian those which with The ! sunsets Indian-summer in the are toward the beams which During Asylum, time ! the stay our the in visit,there of our the insanityin of the to which ; all sank in this shot far up who the than enabled asylum to ; in lead to 2d, Business Dr. make and, the there That in Titus, tended ex- an company wards, and people live, is a consequent The insanityin losses ; dred hun- thirteen stocks,produces terrible system. evident. world. the in of development. which under over-excitement,and the larger number a of Insane visited the By politenessof gamble nervous aggravatedby the east. more were all its forms is very nerve-power, causes Sol visited all the A^arious we great excitement tendency offers its innumerable institution were of Langdon, especiallythose wrecks compared of these rivers. were city,we institution. examination The beams similar any physicianin charge,we beheld old collected were The Dr. As morning brings from in with be to catch the rising zenith,seeminglystriving where at the banks England all increasing reflectors, scene. parting New in the lands many patients than day those they cannot " upon so the his mist, of sea of rises from particlesas brilliancyof tell seen which moisture the ATLANTIC THE climatic waste physiciansgive the the sipation State,as, 1st, Dis- 3d, Homesickness climate,and, of of course, ; and developing TO readilyin more greatlyovercrowded the insane how with persons the disease than towards it is considered When it how and the male both of female the shown patients, buildings are placedin To Dr. the we or are attention ; and as hearing so 5 but complain,save what patientsthan more cared for. they will ; and If any be I must was could of my be Drs. Ditus and the nightly dormitories. the York have should asjdums), that there it were conveniently visit Stockton, visit to Langdon of little of which properlyand a part discovered saw " in entirely cruelty(ofwhich evident, readers amply repaid of to ward any say that I too comfort are into ward neglect in their duties,I should doubt cots in the New- much the this,too, when expected,if, on not ments departto witness the in great obligationsfor his from went we all the to and sibility respon- all the wards bear attendants,there had been now without to visited must under am State. for this properlycare asjdums,and and is the great halls,transformingthem I is question the for in overcrowded, that unannounced, and when various to throughout; so Langdon courtesies serious very how administration,I generalorder,neatness, institution great is the floatingpopulation, Having class of unfortunates. The cared California restingnpon a be understood be can it is to are hereditarytendency an others. in ; and poor 219 PACIFIC. THE this will be found tion instituto bo 220 THE skilled in the of the arts stay at Stockton Our whose those journey to formed and ourselves, from to dear New talking of our found we both place new a ing meet- on they were as citytheir home, pleasurein lookingabout as had State ; and this pleasantby very acquaintancewe now well mind. made was the Golden East, making well agreeablegentleman, as science of the human in the as ATLANTIC the much them, England as so far away. The P.M., for San past two, sail down As stepped on we passed familiar a we discovered was the captain. spoke to him, who had board the that and made river,at many the hills : plying those and to be chat with able sea, their to head the As after with to be every of which It one who tell him the positions, of the an we the distant, face" familiar old rock Sound New from many was knew miles and a vessels who of his to of my old which her upon still are now to of the shoal pleasingincident the land many pilot, York sits Providence he also remembered waters. six trip a many thought opportunity offered,we as him found resolved starting down of "man soon had we boat, we river,some the Providence,familiar ; and Joaquin. face ; and towards "slough" dailyat thirtyminutes Francisco the San enjoy a to Stockton leaves steamer to sit birth,and comrades they were at at- TO and taclied, each. to come of the and Cunningham late before I the of the mud the main river ; and steamer the often " so the upon the turn in wader a could step from you shallow so made that the great "^rass" fields;for seemingly the would we through the The all see the crooked, and we " around sloughs so boats in the rivers which We one empty the being sailing were the the double ; for often acted it would be could they turn, unless other zontal hori- pivot upon as the boat. several stops at reclaimingthese at sundown keel ships river propelledby are make wheel, while to turn made the through way the us, " grass. to impossibility work our numerous, engines,drivingside-wheels an dry of all crooked crooked these which the stream, drag mud, was sharp and would in C. and, at so high into out most banks, then the wharf a " went that narrow It slough,narrow, then, by shoot by M. Gate. steamer bank, we the at had Capt. Cornelia." '' up unnavigable;and uj^on the streams, wake go down we stern remember the little steamer to retired, six miles low water, that I shall which fortunes had sits at the Golden citywhich For and good Long 221 PACIFIC. THE we two 19* lands came was out placeswhere being into carried Suisun great rivers Sacramento the on Bay, and work ; and into San of just which Joaquin, 222 ATLANTIC THE back, have several miles which,for and dividing their waters, land plainlyfrom We other. the river one make only a sloopsand landing here, and a Monte Diabalo, the discoveryof which date. From San Pablo Suisun to the Bay found Morning Ba}^,our back me While we in observed be to in A soiled. to have fatigues of back, let clothes give me of the the rays than of to springis a lower found. they are you wherever Always surer do you choose footed. not may have a descend not a rules afraid not bit of cracker a all,never city comforts, that but your high the of a cool, tive produc- drinking from wear air is often are mule, instead Above be, assured the congestionof suddenly,as one the effect. Do few neck, wear your Avoid with allaythirst snow-water, and a altitudes injuriouseffects. very ney jour- Over boots. for,although 5 at those sun our shirt is desirable ; and woollen silk handkerchief again mountains. are you shoulders,and tied quitetightlyabout white a the which English walking-shoes,rather a through described. before travelling among warml}^,but Dress and Yo-Semite to the quiterecent House. the resting from are the coal from Francisco,and San the Lick comfortablyquarteredat in lies down I have to in is of see you steamers take course city,as that low so stripof narrow much until altitude lungs horse,as complain be nothing is is cause be- contented had with- 224 experienceis the safe guide to that at, and " whose wants of the the best " ride to amounts reduced are " be who a lieves be- cheapestplace to stop market, although he his hotel bill denominated upon simple,but block,and a figureswill my are first-class hotel is the a hack a best teaclier ; and one wants calls The ATLANTIC THE has never extras " item an sundries." " or never to currency. EXPENSES. Boston San Francisco, and For car-tickets from For (Pullman cars) sleeping-berths For meals For Salt Lake For three days' board For City,and at to return to return, $286 CO 32 00 40 00 Ogden 6 $4 00 12 00 65 00 35 00 20 00 150 00 Francisco, $3 per day (in gold),and for porters, hacks, and horse-car rides,$1 more (parlors and in San weeks two fires extra) For the For San Jose For the Yo-Semite, and Geysers,and and (4days) return Clara Santa return (3 days) (2 weeks), including all charges For travel upon For hack-rides same the railroads of California the are charges payable in gold. service,and to five Oakland, Alameda, Mare Raphael, For tripsin times For mile per our .05 ... for own the short sions excur- Island, Vallejo,San "c 25 Southern 00 150 00 Tahoe 50 00 For Virginia city (Nevada) 30 00 For Colorado, Denver, Golden, Idaho For Lakes Donner at weeks and Black California Hawk (Los Angeles) and Springs,and the mining-country Central, allowing two 200 00 whicli data it is From the chief that seen interest in pointsof dollars ; and eighthundred 225 PACIFIC. THE TO a round trip, including will California^, hundred twelve he can spent by includingNevada, Colorado,and and these Eor few a after my days I felt rather tired ; but, former given in We had been when suffered for much 5 they said in all advised no sudden a was day That reached, years So you a " over, many great wave East, overpowering so swept over the West Friday,about noon, in the parlor. and by was said sundown in many By all parts of the San Jose and 96" warmer, record a higher than of heat dress, soon. come from in next which of eleven before. ever swept over change we an did come, hour, had a the great cities,also our unprecedentedfierceness. suddenly; for,seeminglyin needed, mometer ther- of Napa City 107",and the mer, sum- 19, the change higherfigurethan showed, and see, the at of one winter-clothing, change would pouring State of great heat, as 104". have Fahrenheit,which, for this and, dressed telegramscame noon usual cool weather to 92" but : fully was results of which Wednesday morning, June extreme ; chapters. suddenlyrose city,was time nevertheless, my enjoyingthe on Utah the Yo-Semite from return occupiedin studyingthe city,the been ably profit- omitted. to be placesought not about cost an fire and overcoat in the On indeed was hotel 226 ATLANTIC THE This more is their with even, And weather summer rains of TO few weeks till March they mud have weather. winter short Instead by of means of b}^means June), many this is of seasons the of and tinue February,con- extremely delightful plants and Before plants,and trees I left the of the some old leaves remain ones. So new to weeks, two see a green gardens, The by reason are, of rain every is and trees in New wood, trees,the it were, drought, as resorted and by mud, and, in the the be can for England to, the to the shrubs during the rainy season, of the already and : so that,in delightful the (latein thing extremely dry, is irrigation green, roads make thing constant little grass lack seed deciduous of summer trees, had pushed off,as months many the of the most until from imagined even On at rest. were resting in State completed their growth,and ripened their and again, State of either a frosts, they rest here in late drought. mission inter- an time, to October hence : with 1, and, January which at all dust, with or Oct. in ; from rain no is CALIFORNIA. VISIT about begin a winter, it of the naturallyto speak me SEASON The the fogs. no this leads in : almost summer, and small keep a in leaf sable impas- by the TO dustjwhichj I apprehend, is mud, judgment. It is of the make journey at we our advice my : April, as are make, as Spend over, and go Santa the and Southern Clara trails will be famed waterfalls From be may to or California, not) will Returning Lakes Donner City Either From in on of these her go more down to two if the mines or (as are Los trip to through this By ; and those to the time this wonderful you go to Southern fullyemployed. from from silver will occupy Salt Lake three city and majesty. ; and great excursions the first,and then Yo-Semite lovely spring dress, the snow-clad,where and the Tahoe there Pacific Central and and Ogden, the be thus tains Moun- a geysers. six weeks to Rocky point d''ap2nd. out early,that go in their seen month a the this is first of excursion the to a Francisco,which propose your to open is best place it say, y California,go and Vallej^, the San to if you city. Make for the looking about in ; and, vicinity And about of would weeks two data any season. coast direct Frenchman least gives importance,then, that Atlantic snow-storms to the return the it the proper the immediate Angeles Leave disagreeablethan more utmost then a at far experience with if my 227 PACIFIC. THE Reno mines to go of three ginia Vir- Nevada. days fully. City, which Wahsatch days ought visited. Truckee, visit range to be will be still spent, 228 At Cheyenne, line for main of ATLANTIC THE few a which Denver, and at point we start now Colorado then next Caiion, towards Clear-creek whole distance completed,and which in abounds entire beautiful '^ permits,the visited,and this other very be be made stop should examine at Nevada City. far up completed that The miles the soon road is now the canon, up its throughout scenery point. There Western on profitably your Niagara Falls, where begins,and where International one I way can Two also to Missouri E-iver places in little time a back to the arrive for of the choice Iowa and be spent can East, or, just places to say, to the as times many Omaha city,and the over several you have the over bridge States,where At in Colorado. spent are mountains the in interestingpoints. to look the great iron " Parks other manj?- weeks, at least,should a be the stamp-mills at and cars. six some ; from length. If time be running in stay carriagefor or Central, so will be made the a Golden and railroad will the season ; make go to by stage Central, Georgetown, Blackhawk, By leave Pacific,we works smelting- and mines great Union journey through our days the on season the found take a good rest. A tripto Europe : California you are is far all the while more pleasingthan in your own one to country, and with speaking people visited trip far of are Paris and London who thousands and much one every her some, is of many We these are spend turn or will Sunday next our be faces 20 in enjoyment will resources will scenery most be a on remedied with towards of our Mr. the as the Great a but ; West. ; enjoyment. can be, the and sun. and full to saving and roads; year. journey Ealston, the pleasing homeward rising and required longer during go properly, our be comfortable as be is many pleased, Europe to would more better language trip the Colorado far enjoy the thinking now to To find made even round a if, of Europe, places The than but to would the interest. ; go and ; cheaply inconveniences few a year can grand Travelling only summer of vast her others, the they knowledge almost more instructed. more certain any back, Mountains, Eocky To in every California, to and beauty made be cannot language own your more 229 PACIFIC. THE TO next : shall ing morn- XXIII. CHAPTER A Day Ralston's. at The Start The Trip SuxDAY a to to the White find and, to ; valleys,as At County. and the they are Central Santa line Pacific lines the 230 " on in with of all during Clara as which all homes Valley,and fast as is to Company have Southern Pacific. named over genial which road be link one one have in The continent. I host. train,which a this As San spend to are the the Santa the through its possibleto cross the the or cities, we board on Such fog. through hospitalityof us a Calistoga and to scattered of these the found pushing southern " climate,the people down are one enjoy o'clock traverses Wheels. came charming villagesand Mateo day, County. on Francisco luarm a Sulphur Springs, or Eight June, through Napa up which many of in San uncommon palatial homes a 23d the Clara, to the various the Hotel A " genialatmosphere entirelyfree months summer Car. Our " Mateo San in Estates Ogden. is rather day go Homeward. morning, and warm Fine The " of their described 232 would call viiser, yet lie prefersoiot a for what his money world. has He States one wealth. It own lipssome facts was as soon you station,where to us him, San is a loves and at you much so consisted of William Mr. build,with the at up kindly,and us asks intenden Superwood, Green- Ralston countenance a he and hospitality cheer which He all affectation ; is free from forgetthe money-ldng, once his brought daughters,Grace two stout tell of the drawn are carriage.Our party well to bestow. so we Mitchell,and myself. air which and his from hear you receives Ralston risingforty,of man great Francisco. Sickels,wife and Mrs. this will inherit be. thus to of any the of one of whom hour, and an Mr. in his seat a and life, of his reach ride of about A in interestingto hear very with into conversation spend comforts in deem us farmer a son, to Rocky Mountains, who of the east of most vast as ATLANTIC THE and only the see genialgentleman. The seats lengthwise,a usual attachments the hills. To our perfectform, and man whom were all at a word I the built upon carriagewas raised of in seat full of to be seated,Mr. Ralston the horses front,and brake, which a is four which spirit, were driver. As the himself started at a the with indispensablefor harnessed carriagewere judged English style,with took the livelypace. held soon of bays by as a we reins,and Surely,we TO thought,this is and speed. at such We in were Nature a formed be to beautiful a and wide ; and were grand could late too was and, in ripened, ride,we where no and We been in had be placedin set the which the all the of the ladies one the finest stable I furnished toilet The by?" by " ever each horse completed; the From in the new former make for size, these be to in purtenan ap- just to was had men each ; upon Yes, indeed,this see to make mansion-house the fittingsand one stalls, mirror a S. Latham, used, and for don't you saw; Milton above,the ^' short a furniture which remarked, with of seemed It servants' quarters mirrors small After was surpassed. The been completed; and, in unpacking the grain, too, cut. saw keeping. county. stable,which never while the sparedto visited the finelypolished; were been been of California woods the : the low- among pride of grounds had we splendorof finish, beautiful had into the expense place attractive. flowers parts,had most drawn were the are for the roads,althoughdusty, the houses see knight, a great park by a " The such by country, which branchinglive-oaks, It driven planted. we 233 PACIFIC. THE they have his here is morning not yet stroyed having been, I believe,de- one fire. here we were driven ValparaisoPark," owned 20* is by to the F. D. fine estate named Atherton, Esq. 234 ATLANTIC THE Atherton Mr. given the met ladies iis conducted were orchards of The not plant had one enough stout their extended house, whose air. branches, from in room offered were It shown too was party had Samuel Lawrence who is well whose our the for us now of known genialwit other every lovelya spot Our height The the pepper- swayed great oaks, with the hung grounds In air The ; and flowers, to fragrant,and the in moss our gave mansion, elegance side,and in the dining- refreshingviands. host summoned our on the profusionunknown a placeexquisitebeauty. were delight itself. sustain which New-England gardens,made taste to featheryfoliagewas of magnificentin color,and and plantedonly- placewas dotted the extensive great tassels, to the been attained to the indigenousto slightestbreath by the grounds, where seemed (cactacece) cactuses feet,and the fine growing,having in this situation ; and tree, near his house, the gentlemen almond, nectarine,English walnut, apple, three years. finest tree piazza; and, having of the through cherry,and fig,are of fifteen those to over the upon and been a leave to so hurriedly;but ride towards his increased Mr. by own sion. man- and Mrs. Boston, and Stephen Masset, Esq., as " Jeemes pleasant hon pleasuresduring the rest Pipes mots of the of Pipesville," gave day. a zest; to TO It was drive delightful a villageof Belmont; ston's home. Passing over town, which is first and charge,and He these Mr. each from then us the character the of its owner, the The inside his dust ing build- neat their not take his master's our guests in with a feather that day with summons, One thing was told something that,while the the as over-Jiice, ticeable no- utmost arrangedfor instant of ness neat- first stable kept freshlywhitewashed was carriagesseemed " livelypace, a stables,where stables,which it was prevailed, visited. many Glenwood. grooms takes for them. care at several the removes shows sufficient to about are to dash we Ralston twenty-one horses awaited grooms where is the view our Ral- to road,through the entrance stable,where charge,and in duster. the point the ings, produced for lightingthe house, build- grounds. By into directly horses is gas the meets towards us railroad well-built a reach objectwhich where took regularlylaid out, and prett}^cottages, we The whicli the nearest " 235 PACIFIC. THE we and ; use, instead of show. We walked to the extended closed the lower where floor, and conducted were " set in trim which gallery, them put " house, and Mrs. to her into the surrounds Ralston and the received apartments hands by brooming ushered were ; while into of rooms the ladies, the of servants, to be an at tlemen genonce dusting,and washing and 236 Before combing. felt at you all the matured a upon that beautiful is kitchen comprise the and is foot-hills of towards and rear, the main placed the other works a all conventional taste are Balston,the hand and, in all the found twelve of well breakfast ourselves around the kitchen the main while hill, case, stairthe over banquet-hall, wood, paintedwhite, the position among mountains, scattered about their very to the of a on the in side In house. as second and defiance freedom cultivated the and gallery,with of the open, is of appointmentsof order,as once, pictures,costlybronzes, ; but of Mrs. At top planned and arranged under was utmost the directlyinto sheltered pleasingand hospitableair the the It Fine vertu, by yet unfinished as very of which built coast-range bay. rounded sur- built at not with ceiling, chambers house. in the hve to outgrowth of required sides floor to large but a made was was the was corridor at which from house three extendingfrom a minutes, dining-room, drawing-room, on laundr}"ia the with the A surrounded library, and house five only looked at, but handled. not plan,but accommodation. windows in the house the that to be judge been splendidand costlythingswhich were you should had you home, and in,and that I ATLANTIC THE gives the the of a dor, corri- direction is shown ; story,there is taste harmony. was announced; the table; and, and for we soon nearly two THE TO hours, the of courses brought in,while York and for the which it We the shown were we taken had partaken. while Here is a cook do all the The the servants and ; and I prevaildaily,as three o'clock for a road towards ; and his horses of the over remark ride up the to San city. We skill which the by steep all. were two general waiters some to a prises sur- the part of by those who At mansion. the door ; station over in Ralston shows and crooked roads From the the far up first taken Mr. and, seated behind,we left in which on assured Mateo, with these,together ease an driven again bidding good-by to friends food is conducted conduct am ticular par- the doors, make days togetherat the carriagewas our with order and same spent several ourselves in kitchen, ; the man of out the chief colored a help employed you. have palm, both prepared Chinamen orderlymanner, most in New ; and to us twenty-five: and yet this establishment the the up gracefulmanner conduct probably Frenchmen men, the with the cooks, who steward The white yield the spaciousmansion to Chinese housework. are this over presides; assistants viands, and the us of which gayety filled elegantbreakfasts to were served. was show and to this I ; but pains were and down sat elswhere nicety of food delicately-prepared conversation I have intervals. 237 PACIFIC. was eminences, the tate es- guiding a we ter mat- had 238 ATLANTIC THE of tlie surroundingcountry. beautiful views from fine estate one gardens journey have little stone a planned by been and, with slated a lives where Hay ward, who, by the fall recent " in must there ; who the villageof San been have the stock a -board, himself stocks,found only one our through the place in ruler overtook calamitywhich terrible chapel, which also drove the the almost by millions, On houses. roof,it would We of architecture.* gem tiful beau- for beauty was artist, an tiled or passed witli the the parks around and passed we another,cliarmed to We raised profited by dwellers " in that fornia Cali- Street." drive We are to take by a into the the train for the servant, and Mr. the city: Ralston Mateo, where team back is sent accompanies us we the to city. When the returned time from the was Balston ; Board Boston San Francisco,all praises of I and of Trade must their Glen wood is dispensed. thus minutely,that how rich Mr. my Californians Ralston's * Bret I heard of for the have described readers receptionsare mentions more this church. Mr. not over- of hospitality might gain their some by they could in which entertain Harte their friends entertainment that own praisethe elegant manner " we and our an visit idea of though friends; for,al- still princely, 240 train,I found for the bundles the as she has spent of Some efforts of all in the friends our bay hands, which car conductor; the and we the Mr. are if see all Mrs. Darlington and try is very than is a can notion a three sink,"c. from the are !" is cried mainland full In range, next, and on transformed Mrs. and Our Pacific Railroad there Lip(j\Irs. is the car I will ; and the first In ordinarypassenger-cars. ; look Yes: Mr. and out towards speed here. long far traps, we our Pennsylvania. plan. the upon Greenwood poet, by engine is ringing; depot under of its accompany place, heavily built,probably weighing and large two sections, be of the the Union complete kitchen,a a are niece of of the give you to more car aboard the friends our to safelydeposited were disposed of Miller after and, by the united ; All Grace Sickels, pincott),Joaquin many away. upon soon are Having and directors' " ; bell We bay. to us extends which Sacramento. around bear going out slowly. are trestle-work into Oakland sounds the enough all the bundles to shrill whistle A kind to was as city at spring-shopping. were over by country has the from in the day surrounded myself housewife a the across us it ATLANTIC THE each for separatedfrom dishes,an the box, ice- kitchen, side,like the Pullman, which into beds partitiondividing,and racks end one at night; occupying,say, next " one-third au other of the TO car a is the " drawing-room,dining-room,and sleeping-room.An and each side of each of the is which placed for ammunition other covered with are is surrounded where lighted; is well well dust,as and as comfort are Cornish Eoure is to cold. act It are rests six wheels Our on are the kitchen management of a ; place night the car keep to out springs; many that ample general manager, as form plat- rear safe a double each,so stores as pointed well-ap- The it At country. the presidein trained in the the of six all the sections railing, making the windows secured. is to and small are and have the trucks a observe sit,and to by rack a heavy Brussels carpet. a placed only requiredfor off; and partitioned toilet-rooms is is probablyadded now There sorts. this Beyond " " of game kitchen,above the side is on against the Indians, defence the ner; cor- side-board a kitchen,where the and heating apparatus; and mirror. a by night occupies one sofa; a towards door large as as room side is the and drawers rifles, a extension-table either on upon another 241 PACIFIC. THE and ease ; and while Tom Henry well and, as they are no hotel-car, doubt we shall be well cared for. Before in the well car we reached ; and would filled, wheels. It would 21 the Sacramento, we way shame be brought in Tom many well had for a our the hotel which the landlords first meal dishes,all is not of on sonae 242 hotels where a to unfit him minister of hand, every Brooklyn between truth, and suppliedwith man who to This and preaching of long a pack traps and your sure to way never will grant its love is well so apt as the and why to new a hold ! on fashionable solid sermons to in pastures " flock a ister min- bring a politeinvitation seek to edifice is But beyond gious reli- " Ledger wants. already gone the his cook-stove,and moral our connection church business leap in now-a-days is up and kitchen final a has sermon length; a Beecher and we says, either Ward The modern every physicalas our " it himself becomes resort of divine ; for overtaken well-defined a readers as done failure has explain w^hy ministers now takes is wheels on lias proven dernier a tea-parties, why attend thing is gastronomic apparatus it by he Plymouth the what as and, instincts ; doubt when there says man's a the travel tavern-keeper. Henry a or how calling,when other for every on man, a quarteredto see may that me been have we that they little, seems a ATLANTIC THE new." We the are again devastation probably,the Sacramento, which in of floods grandees done by them and add to material live fires,and city in handsomest railroad and here, of make wealth this to a arisen has the course centre the State. much of cityby is As the to-day, all the has various from been lines, establish- the of ment The Company. instances work-shops streets in the'ir almost business and other is in the populationand of overgrowth are in San We push around that and a by on ; point in and the got have of wood save been over to notice along which and a every has always fast yqyj both evidences lamentably so the " bound how the successfully been ago were fast summit time west.'^ trees the of by the obliged are no pass occurred,save our found just about had has we Cape Horn, the track, and for trains on, called behind Central, we years comes importance experienceare few are reach climb hours in the lands grown any on those of none the great desert,which Pacts of several side-tracks journey who one mountains toilsome that on to darkness and, just as Nothing wait surpass New-England our here,which seen energy a grand edifice, pride a with ; and many Francisco. slow burning far cityis growing wealth Central the and ; is apparent contrast the Sierras. we to be newness The the herbage magnificent its citizens quiteoffensive East. in shown A in so it is towns, that lived capitolis State. side,which and trees tropicalluxuriance The whole car-shopsof wide, the buildingsin enterpriseof city. of the and are fine,the very 243 PACIFIC. THE TO Along our interest, new and to plants had stations subjected to proving, tliat in the irrigation. the lands thought entirelyincapable 244 of cultivation which apple-trees train; and, assured. is time those and the ladies G-race Greenwood b}'- all The happy John W. politeinvitation post,giving to of the Lake It East, mails ought the many elegant Pullman agent. the Salt and requiressome as all the express to be run D. K. cars, baggage matter. through ; I am an cursion ex- the decline Cheyenne. at his was he is the up the changed, as It would but to a us accommodations the to make is ; and us gave Brown, who of which time to to reach passengers cipally prin- four hours some forced were our success for City and anxious Mr. into the Brigham) to visit again met we we least. Ogden, of were road of the characters ladies sang (son we good invited cars assures name Young as attentions, a and car, other time, at we our exercises consisted reached we the on our the young the lake ; but on Here in the for the " morning next late. kind The on happy, then night The ; and renderings. were Pullman a with delineations recitations, of we them from Hall." some were travelling together will are gentlemen improvisedMusic of the in little entertainment arranged a usual finelyindeed. very second The There company about of the many West. people who if grow growing good to make only try to the of were also found We made be can vegetable products " ATLANTIC THE seem popular train well that told that as for the the cars the dis- THE TO is tance to keep At the too a last Union car we between great in are Pacific. 21* continued all ready, 245 PACIFIC. Omaha and San Francisco motion. and we begin our journey on CHAPTER The Building built. was the of " Surveys XXiy. Pacific Central Comparison between which been have Raih'oad. the made Two to How " Roads. Union the The " eral Sev- Routes determine for a Railroad. In last our Pacific ; and this of Those the let now road, and who one finished we of have the say told few men round our us a tell the story words about few this state the of which of the the others ; but who part which was evolved Sierras,stands each the I will took of the were often try in to the the tral Cening build- its management. have story heretofore and eulogizedhim, enter^n-ise, of the trip over lected se- promoters the to do all ment disparage- justice,and great scheme, railroad,which, to-day the triumph of out in its passage of engineering skill. Five men, entire strangers to promulgated, fostered,and the building carried issue,this important enterprise. Stanford 246 to a was of roads, rail- successful the gov- 248 what Probably Theodore bold that mountains, that at last about he Having made he until had He called a long and route aloof "Dutch of scheme all the banks kept the convinced although the and from Flat real he of the of the citizens of well bankers, as it; for they had their money, his Dutch unlikely of it about the as surveys, Flat," he mountains. the mining inhabitants the little faith called,the the only stake road, success, was and more moneyed ones their a declaration; the gradual]}^ so in five who that men, the men were fortunes,in enterprise. We can imagine all kinds a work. became of practicability seemed ready to give of the of " way ; and being crazy." make to his of ascent easy Swindle," as the across him beginning correctness first mentioned the enable to public meetings villagesalong ij.. ly people direct- aid,he proceededwith more the he received solicitation, proclaimed,that,by found became the of little a of the partial examination, a fullyconvinced and, by the was laid Pacific E-ailroad '^ confidence subscriptionof fiftydollars This engineer earnest so be the to build to was could him, that,by much survey. who called was gained the so and track a the of engaged was Valley Koad, his declarations greatest impetus assertions who Judah, Sacramento the gave the enterprisewas He ATLANTIC THE of difficulties to be met and TO ; and overcome heaped the upon the In the lines and in their bold of the " at house and carry purposes their Of to from money, 1860, arose, out were a seven, and the and of must holders the stock- scheme, problem, and the from life of after much the upon '^ compact Judah, the point New ; and to the tion comple- Gov. at earnest of ford's Stansion, discus- flagging,Mr. of one life seven enterprise bold eight or infused was ; spirits put all expenses pay for three estimates,plans, "c. who had people of towards afterwards and I will be said, awakened mountains soon laws the the gentlemen this scheme." afar to show their other company from out stage- each The any followed of complete surveys, these over in to names years, meeting a all seemed Huntington new have turning-pointin when, with and corporations work dollar a the various railroad. aloof bankers. large,surely,but onlyjust. line, Another to spirits the (Wells,Fargo, companies,vied which ridicule not was steamship lines,all which the rewards the was company people stood the few leavinga to express illiberal towards ; and sent great under California, very least there oppositionto building a act,were was Francisco river-steamer the State of reap the means enterprise, especially by tlie Company), and no San city of raised; and ten by 249 PACIFIC. THE the died. been the California prophet the ivay Atlantic, had To Judah must no be 250 ATLANTIC THE awarded much could,in the face of such him seemed He which in was surrounded Lesseps in him. disheartened,and whom I have and He the fell their as marked This five which positions fell they of the passage this little gave the the affairs of The 1870. each and first-named and vice-president, by Congress life ; the ability, manage in was Bill assured usual fortune they resolved naturallyto pany com- work of railroad to reap was enterprises the themselves ent appar- advantagesof earlyplanning and patienttoil. established They to-day,and they are well each arose. became particular sphere. The : little band with company second still hold,and, with in his steamships,or leavingonly the ; " an forward Crockers. two Pacific Eailroad circumstances Stanford,Huntington, Hopkins, " the company. in of the secretary and treasurer, as ment. accomplish- grand step a to fore perceivedbe- of the Brunei the way by mentioned, president,the third which took Another They organized their as mind a engineering,like canals. spiritwhich of easy lived outside who bold a still proclaimwhat ridicule, pioneer; a one railroad was only possible,but not others ; for it praise; step, and Stanford " their began work surmounting full of 54 offices at in the K Street,where detail,considering difficulties genuine good sense, a as man they of TO determination vigorand calculatingevery calculations intrepid,with made make to be it. He succeeded brought a long the issued to them circumstances railroad a that trade Nevada, trans-continental Several individual : times the East they must rials mate- so the and ; the fell to low a frown to mountains had as well ; the prices the which ernment gov- and figurein gold; this upon which should arisen between for as prise. enter- around cities, voyage bonds moters pro- all the material, Atlantic tedious which the of this time, hazardous from war were a link in plan serve for to mento Sacraa grand line. their money pluck was and " went " and, for ; large portionof a seemed the over new and each address people of built,and grand,yet, at fluctuatingby by Huntington personal indorsements the Cape Horn, by supply the he All the iron, and had by careful same construction,he exchanged bonds, which of this a successful applied the to was to do guaranteed by thus figures to negotiate York, and other cities, that the road for were did valiant of man honesty, of good New lend their money the " hirger scheme; and bonds, buy material, and know head, and his business now " innate Washington, to cost this to Hopkins had who calculations, at the was " service in the State. and 251 PACIFIC. THE all used was shown, and the work was a kept few on. up ; and men Each were then paid contract 252 ATLANTIC THE looked was these well as facts I state with the other honor their as thus which the forms is due Montague, the and huge locomotives teams, and could from twenty to ten Alkali Plains were brought over, difficulties ready with as far it to where Atlantic ; and the two interfere,and the liMigth year fix here all this work, nese Chi- should saw of several undertaking. they as This made all the who were as a meet. the the road to of ward-marchi west- towards determine Congress place great pushed company warfare cess suc- were approached the it ox- the Upon Union, shot by it,on came Ogden 1869 by fuel there could,and, as roads the way and and, after aid them. line of the the do made snow-banks them. of course, passed, many mone}^ with and, to the number friends ; many credit mountains around to were much found as the men Company, were as well the Many engineers,who their toil to this great found line. obliged to bring water find Central sure, deep to thousand,lent The feet compared building of road-bed a they were miles ; and many east make tlieywere be ; and the over ; for reputation. These encountered plan, and laid the grades,as take to and Pacific they Grey dollar every attending the the obstacles which to scanned were minutely, that they may circumstances road its terms daily pledging were men worthj closely,and to had union. completed. to At TO The Central whole Company railroad system 253 PACIFIC. THE are of the now of owners California,and the pushing are their lines in all directions. California and The the through San which Pacific, the Colorado the east towards In is to reach the The River. spending month; and the whole is all these the Southern who long ago their is a places. Mr. gentleman who the most I was these various machinery of works is to pierced pushing chief a 22 this vast to smoothly,that the their per corpora-' out engineer; Grey Pacific ; while at has officers same positionsretain Towne, the general superintendent, admirably fills his place, " had told that the company first dollars of so and important of responsible at has on the enterprises, half-million some first elected the State of California seemed thence CopperopolisRoad is still the chargeof were Santa the carried being successfully plans are Montague once. Angeles,and and nicelyadjusted, so railroad the mountains. is tion Mt. the Southern California Pacific the prosecutionof company south, through Los north around join the to Joaquin Valleys,they have ISTalley ; and Napa the To being pushed Valley, Portland,there system of Oregon. Clara and Sacramento great towards Shasta,on line is Oregon over seven large number of the many. in its employ within tliousand ; but one when men, we which consider 254 how many vast is the business lines of road sheds all are Pacific ; and conductors what seemed built,this graciouslyallow will has been to be in the to ride in you ; for people; day some and lyiiblic, for southern always comes road ; and is we Competition should this country, as it that railroads decided for their and benefit monopolies,cliques time, oppress a as shown, was evil which an Corporationsand but there gentlemanly cars." in be Union that the was, Francisco our it is England, it will combinations,may, a for San remedy this,but accommodation. and that,until snow- the as air of arrogance only train for the run " say, be removed sooner are doubt no An so is rolling-stock obligingand so been. is the ; the comfortable as not are order ; the noticeable painfully was to good structures not not have and how construction, through line,we is in permanent were they should which of the grade, but fair a under are road-bed surprised.The of ATLANTIC THE day a hinder and when tlie lic pub- maintain,their rights. assert,and, asserting, So far economical as this company American business the serve which their the can stands railroad and and a successful management salient enterprises.With resources, the company public,in giving be them are brought the every historyof increase study how must of to accommodation the character of into direct relation with had, and lookingwell who officers, the example in goes, travelling public,their patrons. to 256 ATLANTIC THE any one say out G. save F. right; and he, better the pluck,the Americans. The rail,and the Promontory, an their hours of was of the Washington, not was sunshine their fortune last found In than to the into themselves riding plains,where taken. An told me, that,in At that the road good turn curve, line and in charge, few a influence more Central, still who projectors, struck put who laid least one built is was forced the upon another line " ; made, even if of been have conclusion the there been grades principlethat for,if of some have might to the with of these many at it. upon could straight course at (the all kinds twists places,the another place within of the were many deserves last road the had of of the turns a was this they materials road, we engineer shortened. they some the tion. present junc- officers where the of pecuniarilycrippledby seemingly unnecessary the for the of completion the of the enterprisein good faith,and the over of and on him, counted spike,took means, with government, last west task easy Train sure, laying building unbounded readilyobtained all the the the the miles around upon line, by few time, of go-aheadativeness celebration Although Union) those the driving of a this For than and energy, trans-continental with (the inspiredidiot,"they West) predicted. was the " Train was no a " one sary neces- seeming TO Witli use. the they should that would they true, then In the road, returning over been done the and smoothness; since stock is in those on conscience what will (as lacking was ing dur- many blunders selected for where to the Central to be amazed I will not interests have, for consistent The the the name snow a almost the should expect the whole, we could have road; each for in so are been the road. many turn, that pursued. caused exertions of serious trouble ; Superintendent Sickels and his assistants saved the lives of those 22* some locations requirementsof last winter incredible depots in and, the wrong work time, controlled be fortable com- round-houses,sidings not officers of the policycould blockade the more expectationof of course, made, that nearly right for so ; rolling- The Road. but, upon ; The its had which far are built upon been they should be, "c. cars commodious and repair-shops surprisedand done have of work the with struck were apparent. required. We, be we ; and are station-buildings instances, they seemed but disclosures recent amount vast spring was good order than no nience conve- affairs of this company of the management as part of its history. a and if the allow; and, surprising long as which lands it is not the road-bed make called)are are in the this company^ gave and in bonds large amount the government 257 PACIFIC. THE on the 258 trains,and suppliedthe so only delay. By trains,I which their found foundation. there have had cleared formed a which vain. The this year solid sleet as together ice,weighing, the cubic foot, " fullyprepared to assure that me contend with in they the will snows, that,by the experience of last winter,they have learned Mr. soon lessons which many T. E. is the he took road, and bring new With profitthem. general superintendent of as the will Sickels,who built the great Missouri charge changes lookingtoward and of the the the road, he began which more extensive has reduced which and feeders line into the rich lie just off the one make to running of business to the will company. great judgment he laid his plans,which main As company. economical more Bridge, completing connecting lines,which being carried out; the and snow powerful engines contended officers of the road be were track,they could thirty-six pounds to places, the stories exceptional; and, the nearly as the newspapers was on the but was against which mass and : snow snow-bound that so : Eastern winter only it away in many a The been mass into fact they suffered the in were of this way that passengers who many assured was without if ATLANTIC THE the expenses are alreadypushing and mining road. to the In now are every minimum year'sadministration from farming sections dej)artmenthe ; and shows, were the ings sav- aston- TO well ishing,as bondholders assured now expended, and judiciously in will be done Thus the and of construction of the change courtesy and kindness the danger of administration, interests. new agreeably surprised at very of the conductors the and the of trains,as well to gentlemen who see uniform their I heard and, from lady-passengers especially, admiration will be money remember must we bringing-inof were that their and manner. exists always stockholders that the work but then it is now; which We skilful a 259 PACIFIC. gratifying. The as are THE men remarks of passed through that all were spoken of the ; comfortable the lect to col- as tickets. that I Now remark have of the some be must arrangement failings.In made through from Chicago to that demand In England companies your baggage unknown. in which a car arrive must matron at they call your " go who for was Pacific remarked one of the There the some is the for your baggage Americans baggage. oar checked never : such system our train of checks greatest conveniences,and you out, and else loill. one over for our a portmanteau luggage-van ; and, when is thrown me place,some We out place you on travelling our check look destination,it it,"or first Francisco. the thing is the to San good points,let An the English Union baggage cars you as (when 260 ATLANTIC THE she became like accustomed better than your of way right smart how Next, the inconvenience Company The algebra. be in the erased the ledgerthey of the hard have Union souls this " ought the of to be spoken " in than day. a the to they ought If count ac- to be corporationshave from all uneasiness found named on W. please all; "who takes among the the ; and the and Eumsig and the poorest at if you don't it find " The kept by was The at evident for them next were Laramie enough, then wait desire his of the tables and was man, was wife, friends many City road over table colored a the well,go poor best lady-likebearing money," gained passengers. Messrs. hotel. a Crossley,whose the eating-stations are higher callings ; for tliey to running at Evanston Howard the proprietors of promoted evidentlyabove by say score. Some to be carried that knoiu their freedom hence : been fer Trans- stream, the for many Pacific,then pitied. Perhaps they no treacherous hook all that should we to I demand. ive words big luggage." dealingwith of of that more from mucb home ; for at own eliminated, as passage Missouri, caused can be must get his I like " remarked, America in to to show this incident state She English. sending luggage has to be one the she would tliem)she thought to set Sidney ; yourself,and. till we have TO " that difference by Providence,and in know can you its comparison. a Pacific Union The " hotel new 261 PACIFIC. THE Company own hundred a and forty-ninepowerful locomotives^forty passenger-cars, and is which thousand two some being increased which passenger-train from are two business as is made four to from company the freight-cars, demands. to up owning which every relieves the largernumber a In through,there run "Pullmans," of number of passenger- cars. Daily the line useful and discoveries new minerals extent few much, that I ''" way and, to of track which surveys followed the means western the across were as made considered of its the exact groundwork through which country." we a ral natu- this burden, I this line. of all the will zy cra- add, by grand thought" " of list of the different route, but became subjectso "Pacific-railroad continent,a for a the world. become mind free my the road ; and developmentsof will astound almost great variety subjectof wonder, a passed over doubt,witness have along great abundance, and in the history of recalling layinga were often Judali, I have poor ; exist made are largequantities.The have which resources Like resources of these discoveries is will,no years iron in to those who even " and coal : of These none of which surveys plans,and were acquaintedwith nished furthe our 262 Asa Mr. Whitney to Pacific of and legislatures, the Kocky ocean at Mountains transportation ; to scheme, both make fiftytliousand ; and began the the As work. note quarto volumes found, and and animals. any of my these from of upon readers illustrations these have many not hundred of expenses veys sur- formed, and were which all future are examined taken routes In published by Congress,all With After railroad a a the exploringpartiesall results attained. elaborate of people. it is well to recall the the furnished advocate defraythe to obtained was matured, by each, and are dollars with succeeding years. of appropriation an accordinglysix companies information plans were and for Asiatic for highway defeats,the friends many the the government before the and reach first incentive zealous a Senate iu the labor and was plan river,cross of California in 1850 obtained,in March, 1853, and a rapid settlement Missouri of The dressed ad- first Pass, and to furnish strong argument Benton much next The commerce. another Sound. of course, was, The the State to the great on South by Vancouver's road Chien he memorials petitionedCongress. du tention public at- 1846-50 years citizens,sent Prairie begin at to to call witJi Mississippi the the Between Ocean. was tlie first man was railroad to connect a meetings the ATLANTIC THE the thirteen the of scenery, reports flora, familiar; and, if them, they will 264 ATLANTIC THE party, including Capt. Gunnison, Indians. who The command proceededto Salt Lake to extend line of the devolved the City,where San to lie received he Sierra Nevadas third The the thirty-fifth parallel. and took and Auton Chico westward the was valleyof the fourth Albuquerque: Bill William's Fork, Cajon Pass, to San and was Mohave ond to Fort and other Colorado valleyof the Mohave the Pacific. on Williamson, U.S.A., was was of the commanded detached Yuma, It and from The line fifth of the by up tlience by Maricopa villages, thirtj'^-sec way of Tucson Parke, Williamson's of Warner's the Gila to the way expedition Lieut. Lieut. proceeded by the San portions of and passes, Rivers. half party for the purpose. rancho Chiquito, Valley,explored tlie region about western who proceeded Tulare parallel,and U.S.A., River Francisco,and, passingup and the over Smith, at San Walker's, the Tejon the it Colorado the line of Canadian Pedro Lieut. mento Sacra- Fort tlience the the the from the valleyof under expedition, fitted out Joaquin to the lowing folFort near on started by Zuni, the valleyof and The by route It the manded expedition,com- by Capt. Whipple, U.S.A., was the in did structi in- the upon followingthe valleyof Francisco. by Beckwith, westward exploration spring,crossingthe thence Lieut. upon forty-first parallel. This E-eading,and massacred was Pimo and and Dona TO was El Paso. El Anato The PACIFIC. sixth expeditionwas half of the line commanded by Capt.Pope, U.S.A. of the Paso, and proceeded in Red Preston,on to almost distance of It started from Pecos and the at Llano of a Additional hundred road,save organized; explored the Sierra the and dollars and for ranges, bility practica- Mountains. and in 1854 them third the railroad for obtaining water fully more while a Other voted. were of two Coast of means Estacado the urged ; ninety thousand partieswere examined of the Sierra Nevada over were appropriations and mouth miles." twenty-five explorations fullydemonstrated These ward east- Piver, passingthrough Guada- hundred a ern east- straightline a Creek, and traversingthe Delaware the on parallel,and thirty-second loupe Mountains, crossingthe a 265 THE purposes. these unsatisfactory However details, they build the furnished plans which carried to the Atlantic which the the a and successful upon matured, completion, Pacific should locomotive be to " by a in reports were ground-work were the various band the of which and to wards after- union of iron,over whirl,carrying along its preciousfreights. The amid road our has many of new become 23 accomplished fact; the our politics, enterprises, national our an resources, and the and opment devel- incidents of 266 ATLANTIC THE life, its every-day sight lost Erom with TO magnitude THE and PACIFIC. importance have been of. this profit of distance again recall time its we grandeur can contemplate and importance. it, and CHAPTER Omaha at Second Our by leavingOgden without of any the made Denver, the there Cheyenne and visit to our forms Pacific;and and lies her across At not the as loved some new ver Denis continent the down Colorado. in the propose now was Cheyenne, the the eastern I will add grandeur Canons ; and Colorado,we the much we travelled we Pacific,and across interest and view just were The Weber Union the of Omaha, city, which Omaha, another thrivingcapitalof is little Cheyenne and Bluffs. interrupted was occurring. Echo the line from chapteron which with Council " last,we our to notice. brought to great highway Union interest through unites In here from River. Pacific Colorado. thing of were Pacific that Union impressiveby more As the ; and scenery features to " tripthrough our Missouri The Sight, journey over XXV. road to add will between a rate sepa- hurry terminus something sister Council river. 26r of more on to the of Bluffs, 268 ATLANTIC THE My impressionsas given in but pleasing: of the more ground the on one Grand There of the finest in the West. in hotel little place. Already As failure. the the a fabulous were you pass " place seemed around death to figures,and Francis earlytook up until he thought he town, would abandoned now in this thing every by overgrowth." many Train, who his abode seen financial sad a " the At destined to be so real a at to grand for the lack all the land come be- scale of funds. the Tombs, here, and harangued and owned one reached estate upon resides be fiftythousand it, improvements to be than and upon city of great importance: begun, only George hundred three expended of that I have Providence or been marks completed,will but buildingis creditable, place in Boston more dollars have brick fine very brick compositionsin The in bettered business-blocks,the latter,when The seem time some are dulations, pretty un- be not surveyed Hotel, and the High-schoolbuilding Central Capitol Hill. bears could location already erected,several structures new the such river in the know rightangles; at out ropolitan Met- to around, and broad,laid are around. mile a the lodgings at strolled we rises from that many So city. Its streets the town. and took Douglas Street,determined Hotel, on thing any- reaching this cityFriday so, upon (July 5, 1872),we afternoon chapterwere former a in the ed, shout- city; TO the and with imbued he his owned never Now here,and is under thing to the they at present in count point: the shows and some The We a you A ride out to farming-country gations Tinder obli- are New Sisson, formerly of give afraid am pleasingviews,and homes. pleasant-looking Dr. I trees. rich to bridge is said to town but very Camp Douglas people all these fail to but lamp-posts and through the city gives some the the great iron thousand; fifteen he Pacific officers are air of business-life. cityany contain cloud, and a shops and depots; their informed am True, the Union the river at this crosses I in Omaha. foot of land disheartened. seem infatuation,thoroughly schemes. wild a every their in people were, 269 PACIFIC. THE Bedford, for a long ride through the cityand country. SuperintendentSickels his and private office, know otherwise,we have remained made should we than more the us gave stay our have not day one of use in very been this " a desk in pleasant: willingto mushroom town." They are have such accustomed not about here three to o'clock,we the we had ever heavens,but 23* been from at and home. lightning as Monday awakened were by the greatestdisplayof deafeningthunder,and flashes thunder treated horizon to to : not in zenith,it one was we morning, the most lightning part one of lurid 270 The flame. hour, and The and rain mud the and Mr. ; hut "baby-shower," and here to what that aware they had every but Omaha, I heard once and the most " this boast gentlemen " be an Eastern town as a Missouri highway only by which a the ever here great stream, changing deal in I had than I commerce. saw globe." from New each the York, tages advan- ! Now, a I would an rather be man alderalmost citizen of Omaha. city,but is of little service the by comparison you one flows of I EIVER. THE The Look So for me, York." thing in is. they could lamp-post in Philadelphiathan a in New any one " he to and, after exhaustingall arguments, Philadelphianretorted, rather only a large scale a that till now, " of their cities ; the thing upon thundering city upon two it thunder-shower a aware, great a ought we Philadel^jhia praising from one not was hotel,called that us know sometimes was assured an shower, it thought clerk of the Boyd, the before We mud! than more flooded. were sultryas as the for torrents squares seemed oh " in poured streets morning storm in ATLANTIC THE dirtiest with the an Eastern more its channel muddy. so its waters describe can mud-puddle then city,and It is often,that a gine ima- capricious it has be- 272 tion the of other The lands portion of bordering the located which in lie among city. 'Little here, the The city,like whom the but glens " the the which its well-to-do Pacific three western the railroad the back of the settlement about the mile early to the the opposite bank of a of hai^d years, sightof "that terminus from ; from to the Chicago all makes "bridge-train," the and town many has the Great an come be- great West. finding being the point here, and river, stream." here, at what by the building of all cityis the muddy home city his Railroad,the doorway great roads The times. back located dull; and very miles this have few a upon three makes families within Union or it from Dodge sister complain two some relieves Gen. called) are Mormon moved low prettierresidences rise to of the upon (as they Missouri," looks meet you situated to eagerness city is built hills which city has "treacherous The his in "bottom old town. of the The " remains now The settlement. west shady his go a single log-house of probably onlj'- " to the great many a hotel. a this river ; to man a here) say public in keeping main be, like to seems (as they would the serve the It city. houses, a good phice for dollar" are ATLANTIC THE their of transfer important centre. quarrelwhich has existed ever since the com- THE TO of pletion the the having have the the claims each to ought unite to for a are still the reasoning, their demands. good Hearing the or The for, ; to fail city, you grounds cities two long so travelling public is country At the as necessarily are peculiarities chance to Council western in so the Bluffs, the city and are seat of the eastern of to communities the Omaha, " city of the cities will the he may so seat Nebraska, Pottawatomie great State to observe which of Iowa. and much be near rival cities two together, near County, seeks ; but rapidly, to very the of who here so seems feel each towns visit ; for yet Douglas the of made it shall we tourist the is home half-way settled, that day spent repay here of well so than more east Chicago A Atlantic. amply little a now journey shorter. the longer. their than depots each those for sufferers. We the uncertainty common the better the locate cities, has two be representing make quarrel continues, the in of they tlie it would once persons cogency which upon at left matter the see and ; to power of between bridge, greatly injured 273 PACIFIC. County, similar, disof and and CHAPTER XXVI. The Great Bridge over the Missouri. In this chapter I will describe which from whose Missouri the spans E. T. that beautiful The River. Sickels, Esq., the bridge has particular,both the cities of Council be proud, and join hands one heretofore principles and lightness,without seldom in seen recommended the road direction by ; but the of Mr. position. To 274 Gen. T. Bluffs and of of this class. E. has Sickels one Omaha has The been erected plans were under his election the grace engineer of chief him, therefore,belongs a strength, seeming former since upon it has details, the structure want bridge under this erected Although the Dodge, engineer In tained ob- were BRIDGE, the whole bridges facts built. in employed,still, peculiarities ; and structure toastingthe finest in the world. of the some in RIVER MISSOURI the been direction can Company. Transfer The " honor to the that of hav- ATLANTIC THE erected ing and way, the that, too, at dollars bridge will stand and skill, source a (each elevated three stone filled with the sixtyfeet play of low below two providefor same wrought columns, " In use of the with level iron has but, for afterwards half for substituted been high ; and various diameter, of Each the lying underof has span and modified traction. con- to as travel railway ; for cast the depth highway of track in bed-rock so on piers,formed expansion for length), supported average been bridge the iron,in on and the water. September, 1868, : a originalplan has the above and in foundations an prises com- ture superstruc- half the to at and in the river. water inches the iron columns 1869 is found sand, which The the piersextend the and the company a The masonr}^ engineer. eleven and The the company, fiftyfeet and dred hun- a engineering of iron high water, every cost. of of the and eight feet cement abutments estimated spans abutments masonry iron columns of cast a above fiftyfeet than more bridge adoptedby hundred in success monument friends two span of its entirelydistinct eleven a just pride not only to numerous of the plan from noble a of also to the The as it saving a 275 PACIFIC. THE bridge,making thousand but TO a contract the work causes, made was was begun the work was for in sinking February, delayed,and entirelysuspended until April,1871, when 276 work again commenced, which was than heavy it is known " as Those holds securely. Post's the the of the sections lead joint was in this of three-eighths to of the The with the a the columns were lever. column air-pump; by and The half an inch an as water was sand then was red (above high water) sections inch top. and far of a as a being at tened fas- of the iron the The bottom thickness half. possibleby the weight connected within expelledfrom of air forced within a The air-tight. The thickness the at first sunk tlie pressure the were flanges lathe ; and them top of the column The water iron. passing through a column inch portion is the off in feet,the cast-iron to application below of bolts from an the until wrought each, having internal rivets. portionvaries nished fur- work," work iron columns make to of ten togetherwith of the "false of faced wrought-ironportionof sections river securelyfastened together. were used completed was is made means were ends ance continu- superstructureis of the plan iron feet and, by them, the sections is also in The long transportationof place the truss,"and portionsof ends ; in prosecuted frozen for the erection in sections of ten cast at and termed, which it is fastened for the foundation iron work the The anticipated. was secure a been winter, the bridge last ice of the sooner has great vigor ; and, aided by since with as ATLANTIC THE in excavated by a by steam labor- down ers to about and taken THE two feet below air pressure sank a distance then was through which the was This which of process has other known obtained with to is system is liable to the process depth The an on column eighteenfeet materials latter distance column any India By subaqueous foundations be is very stability is where economy, the construction the like rivers depths of fiftyor sixtyfeet. scoured surface of the 24 by souri, Mis- composed chieflyof sand, within from the animals,were to that extent rock,in found very to every be similar the attrition of sand found at the at least. case where the smooth, presenting worn to In columns, water, showing that rock the considerable. below appearance for this country. bridgesin can and feet fifty it,was in is similar to that of reached columns the bones been upper top. The Europe bridges across to at the wood, and of river-bed has by columns in excavatingsand of rotten lignite the few secure scour umn, col- of the to applicable especially for of the hours. the river-bed where made and equal certainty of foundations and a method depth necessary The for to passing. was sinkingiron like purposes, and no character largelyused been and six inches greatest descent twenty-fourconsecutive buckets withdrawn, the the column the bottom bags or varyingfrom half,accordingto a 277 PACIFIC. in small out The and TO the under effect jireduced great pres- 278 ATLANTIC THE For sure. cohimus greater security,the rock in was which into recess horizontal instance every the motion of the form to sunk, whereby was base base excavated column of the at the of the columns a any is effectually prevented. difficulties which The columns the work his by surmounted were in was its but, in of wise extensive was practice, at of depth which either results same the work of the columns days,one a E. the of eleven of '' only so : a way, better ways, cost was expedited. sunk columns science, that the was ; the aided cut-off'' to find and 7ieiv that so was of mechanical was seventy-two feet Sickels Sickels ready,not ever lessened, while seven Mr. instances,to suggest many they arose, as delayed. knowledge accomplishingthe much fast as brother,Mr. Frederick fame, whose and no in sinking the anticipated were In to its rock-bed greatest depth sunk was to being eighty-twofeet. The the greatest columns square extreme this inch pressure were in subjectedwas of the excess pressure, which character,no to which men working fifty-four pounds atmosphere ; yet is beyond injuryor the per this works of resulted to precedentin inconvenience from in the laborers. The serious been bridgeoperationshave, fortunately, accidents to life or property. It was free from appre-' 280 ATLANTIC THE total quantityof hundred is five approach yards,which cubic fiftythousand and almost in. this embankment is now completed. per lineal capable of sustaininga weight of ten the superstructure is weight of The it is foot ; and tons to the not intended foot,in addition that foot shall at any the heaviest to its greater load a be time would locomotives weight; own than brought ton a tons two about weigh A it. upon but the to of train and ton a it is a half to the lineal foot. Each wrought-ironpiece of tested with inch tensile a of sectional strain is great as requiredto as endure superstructure of five strain before area, the tons being accepted; the portion of any under a the to load of two was square and this bridge will be to the lineal tons foot. The a still the work will see This to goes after had the the more hoped to bers, num- it since over that be, after all,the few a entirelycompleted in chain rails running It is on. bridge seemed the treacherous which been the structure complete Even have round dollars; and, three-quartersof and million although trains bridge has been, in of the total cost spring, months detail. every link which binding together the were Missouri uncertain joined had ways to at be than was oceans. Promontory, still passed the in old a ferry, ferryon TO Connecticut the in the made The of Eiver Transfer bridge. This has caused be unloaded ISTow,by AVest Transfer without anxiety which the wise the and natural Pacific K-oad lumber-yards,and the their should run passengers the ; and interests their on sheds Omaha, and the whom about in of the any will, you Union their now, Whether "c. their Bluff's trains roads Eastern to be their set determined passengers will try to they east, side receive bridge,and of the companies people,for as three ought interests case cars, run the across and had not the repair shops, their for the to trouble be, as the Council whether or in 24* and taken does must lated stipu- sum have terminus Pacific)should down of the at the machine trains when Pacific to repacked. a the towns necessar}^ their convenience rival for,look bridge,and passengers, of All Omaha, where round-houses, their across trouble,especially then the payment and almost the across of cars, and Union facts ; purpose long time,all freightshad a two the is at they (the Union great deal breaking bulk. of the affect merchandise for the Company, freight is these terminus and Eastern agreement, an to the Far the from is passage Company. formed a as, for shippers; the was Company transportingpassengers to Now Lyme. at of the Transfer cars 281 PACIFIC. THE are by selves them- consult the created,this 282 like question, Even which effected, for as, check their baggage and all holder the side roads East be to were demanded roads Eastern Omaha the changes passengers the of solution, concerned. many of the on entitling Omaha, West, officers reasonable a all of convenience the West; the from the instance, find will stay my PACIFIC. THE advantage equal during TO others, many the to one " ATLANTIC THE of sell carried ; now passengers tickets across to the bridge. much This who perfect have for the it examined safety being bridge, of pronounce especial which all a mention. great the engineers success; its CHAPTER View Summary West. Object of Our " California, of The " XXVII. Advice " the Series of was as these series done in that will we hoff's We a " of papers book a can and time and but for only add, ease within the nent." Conti- all this is the the such nation a Southern than they the United stripes." As a which our seeking California with can go to for only indeed has such far Cuba, and people looking the found tions condi- more fort com- be all the States,protected by the place Nord- the race all those Harpers, Eesidence." has boast, and can climate State better Mr. chapters of this as closed we much so Health, Pleasure,and that about something invalids, before to the you congenial home, visit said recently published by tropicalclimate to be for ; only refer only place with have to residence a California will Letters, "Across go AGAIN. intention our California intending to Valedictory. CALIFORNIA It Those to for 283 " a stars spot 284 where find they can have we On blasted ; and West would hand, in every said better Of all the succeeded whole in of those of gold, fell in who the " All summed in towns tlieir few a and destination. day, are those the who The mining-camps a precarious living,for Chinamen, who the wages, American could has dig over obtained afford to, and still open, abundant Eastern and and cents live. again the the gold The ; that fai'ming, but ranching it is by is filled are have fare, to in come from only through he are yieldsher different many to which cleanly as year, so be larger agriculturallands Mother-earth,year harvests would can can earth as land mining day, have a the and cities upon the graves California in depend reduce across of wealth repletion; ten the reach to them, luxuriantlyon a ties. proper- Along seen struggles to words. overcrowded; are fertile early pushed observations our other hardships of their dreams place where be realized. up this to even the on the greatest physicalstrength their reaching and way, of the hopes seek handsome in who of through the the for ground who but, : all ease throng vast those plains,only and at were East braved had who men of those the in the evidences saw many city and town, settlement, and new furnish must very many, labor,whafc field for their side,we every do were valleys, better a heretofore judgment. the ATLANTIC THE from failures, TO that the agriculturisthas The favors. lands unfit well for adapted has many and achieved; work in the to have the interest in long a been after has success come do to and found of only that failures, have wine worthy has department,it Chinamen been The grapes. vineyard: indeed,they saved have planting " of trials and years her win to inducements, more important^ very this In chapter. for growing become now how learned offers vineyard seemingly 28b PACIFIC. THE been all the fairlybe can wine-growing interests from said able irretriev- ruin. would I any find If asking. he It is up goes and work; must where place a a find the that to where the made into advice to to deer a ever will men for such a a come Do we a wards. re- living is easily place where no Indian venture will one his spends he will have for himself no a his wigwam-door do much where its ourselves placefound,I is,to stay the Pacific,he give to us fancies to the of ignorant could by success anywhere bring place where do, and venison. young will induce he California, shores place where poor, days in lookingfor (hiswork) the it will be The stay. to a there is like in command mistake grave made; for,if assertion could would pictureas a he working trying to to such expect, that,anywhere to one draw not ing huntheaven to Our better? they are be ; and, 286 if they fortunate are be will success majorityof both Ennoble in as that and themselves in " and success, into the our I do But worthy wealth an sober such the which character, in upon words and not they find command receive sation compen- their of work. and will West, essay a is becoming means, will in much so whether labor,instead their intend in a men, women j^oung not of or their living without a young East lies not American our that West, go notion New- good a who success get our on be assured baneful ; make then be those of must we accordingto is the the workman eyid, an and want inwrought sexes, work, The cases. so to greater than location our enough and England farm, stick in ATLANTIC THE sex. subjectwdiich a such thoughtful reflection. the To of man property, her unparalleledin varied The climates,and great over warrants us health,to make were the in nothing of and trees with and ease is made portion no this of a Union and with visit to interest the at the in scenery, end Pacific Eoads in State. of their tality. hospi- journey those Golden their her the which Central advising all,even a her vested in- more plants,pleasing in people noble comfort has earth in California,wonderful than attractions independent by leisure,made delicate If there journey,tliey 288 step, we were make trying to the friends our the passed,and forciblyimpressed with letters ; and and which " in there series a of in the see to way With One aim seemed to taking our then proper hence we men. met, by firmed con- Chicago, the cidents in- series of letters a idea we became which made were write to scriptiv de- first letter our in 16, promise, a you only the points not but California, to we appeared May describe to journey day, a will all recall plan, and our letters a to of speak them." kept we people, that and in feelingof duty a you readers talk might on be country, introduced when better must one you the on had we viz.,to write ; several the what acauainted along go could we over of the have view kept steadilyin all verdict,whether or made. promise then the that us the remains readers our have we the were country through which resting for penned, laid out we of interest not formed pected ex- press! Beaching Chicago, and then we we acquaintedwith of the people we than people,tha^ decision our trip, and of the to the of wisdom astonislied more country and in the we much so the by of ATLANTIC THE to they excursions know those were It journey. understood seen. for by made, To gain the people: with whom a characteristic TO No words wlio dailypasses I could California;for letters." It have the see the spare desired we I his and maybe path very stored away or " be a of faithful the in thanks to during our journey, to indebted for the and favors each ; but we thought, Across the only claim can the from " of seen, and to record a facts before us if 25 to Let to friends those whom new all of whom we courtesies. We this,then, be return we to many found we friends are so would omit each made greatly gladly some a one sincere of their kindnesses. question has home, omit fear to do so, lest long list. acknowledgment return have we new aim was not those West, and the The and what must throughout from structi in- as rewarded; are some of letters judgments we closing, heartfelt name well : time. And, and series of description well-considered at the Pacific one, we those " the to If, for gained the purpose and ; have trip to fact before unknown. some Such, then, were Continent hours. for his wrote, travel to man a readingyour from we then brighter, many of your bring pleasure as to little 2i that men for their leisure made enjoyed country time those kettle in hand with for such was could not for them said, " than more us door our he work, when who cheered ever 289 PACIFIC. THE we often had seen been any asked us place that since we our would 290 for prefer No said, The ! more England is dear is dearer. done, Williams assured that is stability to them and historic. The liome; *^ Across The shores West of yet the we the pray Continent." is and Our are all begun that we may the East, land gives churches, our and we write around live its shall again, and which founded, to Roger secure this is then, Narragansett, of of libraries, The just it little West. vast of communities ; hood, child- our land feeling a memories. has the have we the the all and us; West colleges, fond cluster the of scenes than older society. our schools our to all accomplished charms our in wanting the been There in success To birth, our has has have New of where arena Providence. to city PACIFIC. THE TO residence a the we ATLANTIC THE in history. make some is us day, a go CHAPTEE Down the Denver I have Denver a Union Pacific hundred and Denver, and, in to this gave and the aid of day Cheyenne to Evans day of the whole over It was fact,the in this of initial rado Colothe road is steps towards The 1867. whole into way Cheyenne by length the of Denver. capitalists Territoryof Colorado, important enterprisetheir hearty approval; sixteenth second ; and liberallydid they so with The Greeley and of first View is from taken were Towns Our " Pacific six miles it The " mentioned, the Pailway. buildingof the of heretofore the from Railroad. their Characteristics. Evans, and As Pacific XXVIII. a of Eastern to the car As Cheyenne stock, that, influence,on miles December, 1869, fifty-eight opened; were June, 1870, the length of train is for tlie capital and the pleasant June our subscribe in on this the first and the on the from twenty- passenger-trainwent road. afternoon road, and extreme that we started south coupled for Denver. of 291 Wyoming, 292 and in running far leaving Wyoming, view, stretchingaway the as ; and is sun and dark sight about is,indeed; and the is Peak a jestic ma- summit to the west A hills. of will the long south snow-clad ever ridge a and west clouds, while ominous just sinking behind it Colorado. E-ocky Mountains Long's its long not are into the to reach. can eye mountain hang south, we Territoryand of that out after into come due lies almost course our Soon as ATLANTIC THE grand scene remain us describe in mind. are in geographicallocation and Now that we Colorado, let limits. the latitude,where Washington meridian to thence the meridian of south said north The along latitude to the ; to the from the of and thence said on latitude; north thirty-second the Washington northern line thence ; of New place of beginning." of recognized on its territorial Territoryof to from west north Colorado the map surroundings. Wyoming and the : north thirty-seventhparallelof geographicallocation easilyfound is the longitudewest thence Mexico; same parallelwest meridian follows as twenty-fifthmeridian parallelof forty-first said Congress thirty-seventhparallelof the crosses along on the on of act its boundaries creating the Territorygives "Commencing The its be can by On an nation examinorth the State more of Ne- TO braska ; the east, the State of Kansas on Mexico Kew 293 PACIFIC. THE and ; the on west, the on ; the south, Territory of Utah. In shape, Colorado of area A ride 105,708 of is nearlysquare, 67,653,120 miles,or square evidences It increase. who lands the two and number of thousand ; feet wide. kinds two of water-power soil is The are crops lyceums, lodge,one under acres Good plough canal two a are and grist-mill, 25* Railway, ; number about are acres at fifty under now (said canals being long ) ; miles present,about miles grown. There are and long about mechanics five five thirty twenty of all Fellows' schools,and brick, in stores kinds. all churches, Odd lodge, one Templars' lodge,four There la a and unsurpassedfor fertility, of large graded school-building erection. Cache thousand twenty-seven Masonic one the Colony," Pacific of irrigatingcanals, thirty thousand twelve respectively Union there and Number of land. acres assured an Cheyenne, April 5, 1870. from buildingsfive hundred; thousand Denver and far not " valleyof the on Denver between populationis The in the old, years and growtli, of centre and Kiver, half way substantial is the purchased Poudre of of two ing thriv- a " yet an acres. miles brings to Greeley, fifty-six settlement,which, although not gave embracing process and The a of shops, trade 294 with the while the There valleys is large, and other there is and, other or few the March as Western 15, 1861, where The wanting if that is the Pailroad make to sixty thousand they stand But Denver, seat of well with " queen most railroad on, the hearers and, so the other and city of forms the Platte on a confluence important city,west are liard bil- no located here, lecturers the different conspicuous Evans at ; would Denver The South and, only Pacific colon}^have prosperitygoes, as settlements. just the town the so sold far central is very neatness all converts. ; forbidding crosses depot over after six plain." Arapahoe County, and is situated Creek acres push we Colony, which Liquor is them the Evans, to temperance their take to deeds the streets. thrift and cause, all the there the here. peculiarfeature is,that consequence, air about That Greeley. tring cen- into closer communication forever come St. Louis Eiver. railroads is inserted along we on, other Greeley,and, in natural a saloons miles in covenant there is have be One towns. liquorsold given,a its sale ; from rapidlygrowing. are place,bringing it cities and no of land Platte country constantly increasing; will,undoubtedly,soon with A and town at this of ATLANTIC THE the River, at with o'clock It is the capitalof a that we of the Missouri county- Colorado point where stream. reach ; Cherry It is the Eiver, east of CHAPTER its Denver, History and Colorado The Now that give gold was This earlysettlement found As the Dec. day of April,a property valued 1864, the on but Indians nearly she so has only the increased. more quarter a day time by the but, out men resolute Within 1863, the a of of who and the West St. was nineteenth city,destroying The all these Again, next in stroyed, de- city was year, inhabitants the were early catastrophes, settled determined last five Creek. called was the the few that fact called now the May, flood. had the million. a city,that of 1858, a Cherry on " can cit}^government through ; the 296 The fire swept blockaded come is In nineteenth : what 19, 1859. this starved on increased,it Denver. at from " day, we In city. View. Golden. a east, comprised settlement of Denver the miles Mountain- City place Auraria, few a Charles, afterwards organized in descriptionof Grand The " been the A " Railroad. have we emigrants named Denver. Situation. Central better a XXIX. years, as there the she seeming hardships has taken ATLANTIC THE and is a streets privatedwellingsare schoolhouses the peopletheir advantages. for young which ladies, through sippi. Missis- well kept ; the ; the churches the city,giving seminary a reputationbeyond a ; their appointmen in is here There has New- increasing trade comfortable scattered are of the and broad and neat most luxurious are are the west great and a warehouses The and of centre and her stores far by that I found England-looking town She is 297 PACIFIC. THE forward, and strides mighty TO the Territory. city is located The of the mountains, which The fiftyfeet that offer the above sea Eocky and upon it many fine iron. There city,which offer A Standingin Missouri base of fully delightborder River, miles,to the base is the of are several to the of principalstreet blocks pleasanthomes is the western the for six hundred Larimer brick,stone, and the sixty-twohundred near from Mountains. are from the climate ; and great plain,which, the miles elevated is situated stretches westward Eiver, at the junction Platte great protectionagainst the city is Denver mild. of the Cherry Creek, thirteen fierce winds. and on stores,built hotels in ; of the tourist. MOUNTAIN-VIEW. the main street of the city,and turning 298 to the west, Peak, and the of us, front length hundred many of them are feet above the sea, are clouds rest far down the idea of the We snow-clad Atlantic sparklein when the reached sun their snowy his beams the these morning you even still evening on, and is bear in fourteen sand thou- the whole year, sides,you can scene. They mountains. in its journey from sides,and they were : mountains their grandeur of ; in the Arkansas when than more lingeredlong,looking at enchanting,as of ; and miles Long's to the south away range that gain some more them made enchanting " " Had for,as the the this of passed unsur- Cheyenne the hills towards and is have we to ; and Gray's Peak two that were north the than mind the To stretchingaway Peak, The River. and have we which mountain-view a hills Pike's have more have we the continent. on we ATLANTIC THE Came in her sober sun all things clad livery left their western faces,seemed mute The advocates time has to stand and the deep, dark ploughed,through out solemn, that so of Nature's people of Denver, thrifty ; " ; as there is much in sides to sink himself Pacific,their grim forms, with which twilightgray their rows fur- rocky they become power. a class,are wealth and intelligent accumulated among TO the citizens. No ; and newspapers which and love hamlet. the for William N. excitement. He Spending toiled the were which almost superhuman. of that Horace in covered at from and his this the found a a a grets. re- Mountain the first Pike's Peak complete hospitablehome, so section made crowd find this their scene of that and seem hold now gathered was fortunes! ; and The of excitement pleasantSunday of fortune. a " treasure which gave search in were we thousands many to golden he fifteen to twenty thousand company upon then The Greeley visited 1849, such most ever-vanishingphantom, ground few the of of many Eocky which descriptions plainsto strugglesas estimated The excitement,when ever-luringbut Such left with Colorado, took one especial West. in the Peak across now evening at an greatlyinterested the Pike's of " table hospi- will create Territoryduring the has in the printing-offices of citizens city worthy a be tivated, cul- published in received there it will paper the into printing-press the Denver Byers, editor leading suppliedwith high-toned and we many week a town, that the News," from of stay a is found We will find Tourists visit ; and is better said of the papers be cannot kind ; and favors. its size their character Western a many cityof 299 PACIFIO. THE addressed how late early the 300 ATLANTIC THE crowd assembled Black Hawk. There people within audience! become intense,died which to scattered the ! be " found were the to the the little settlement remain other in had which had and sections, a of gaining became they the over toiled that of Denver to reach hard so plains. fortune was turned their attention a not to livelihood ; and to find for they to came food. gained now the an gradually, partlyby ground, and shelter and has Denver sand thou- What excitement rushed, until found legitimatemodes themselves must from stood. mountains, and " promised land picked up he more Thus, by degrees,those who this The away adventurers through of city. , diggings which new built the now where orator an is probably gatheredten were sightof What so where by near such a position,that she metropolisof Colorado. GOLDEN. Seventeen pretty the miles of town main range almost of the two some mountains thousand of basaltic Mountains, so Rocky rock,called situated ^.s to the among foot-hills of Mountains. County, and souls. lies the of Denver west Golden, nestled county-seat of Jefferson of due contains There North It are and a is the tion populahuge two South Table completelyshelter the thrivinghamlet the oldest upon both the from settlements who by gulch miners, quantities along the We reached by its eastern on a this town windows, have we Pacific about west to which the CENTRAL Colorado Central mile a Golden rushes by pushed taken must its on this success a the chief are gentlemen com'pelsuccess. the from car- reached by miles up the under its to sixteen runs the miles caiion, down is found be to canon the the work ; and Union line. Much is road The rail. Pacific has and it credit for fosteringcare; important due Kansas the Central,Idaho, and Hawk, possible. The as very of opened been has great mining section which officers of the company, engineer,Capt. Edward and men the Black be is also and canon company become Denver, ; which fast as Boad, Central leaves Creek alreadygraded several is E-ailroad to which can ing pay- RAILROAD. entrance the cities of Georgetown, gold in which, the and only route embraces from Clear lies fine view. a COLORADO The hotel our of one creek. Colorado the over of the town, of east found of the banks is determined position a " It and Territory, long time a division ; and high bank the in Creek, for winds. winter made sides of Clear 301 PACIFIC. THE TO enterpriseand Berthond. judgment; They and such 302 Our walk the people the tourist the about is place the for so the keep House it ; them entitles A commodations. trips here, the which for one carriages various and larger here fine, so good a for hotel in hotel is the good a is scenery ; for way to new d^appui is the and the pleasure; great us place had be There mountains. Golden The his^om;^ can given located, hospitable. make to PACIFIC. THE has town prettily so saddle-horses and TO ATLANTIC THE into called the proprietors extended more I building, ae- told, was was contemplated. Thus a name in west. tlie much telling huge for our of the mountains first treasure whose day's in stay which crests this lies rise up far with town the away canon, to the 304 which road named the the bank we defile, pass the ^' Golden beautiful familiar seen here and By a faces which toll-gate, toilsome had, and thence which whence down wended we road lay. Capt.Berthoud* much had covered rode we charmed foot,and ; for by, with road,then There I was kind of an iron (oh ! thoroughlychange) the up to slow ; then Edward how Berthoud extensive in his honor. the laying were event mining-camps, easy was knowledge ! and born made step every his way the in romance an with our on formed had day on the . to drive " City. meadows, tallz that not was Canon horse, Hawk rocks,too, he Clear-creek they he is Creek, through which times If there view Clear mountain familiar was forgetmyself. a the of timber the flowers and acquaintance. called summit Black to with it many over the of North way majesticgrowths of the way an has been peculiarlycharming our the Has As garden appeared own the banks to and * days and, as reached a were plain ; our journey we We so June flowers in little hrook. a there. Gray's Hill,from an of The Gate." hillsides with man}^ up the lay along the enter we ATLANTIC THE which mode was in France. of mountain-life, He is which to change toilsome so the making over going from of now " we track a for up ride; an Berthoud the and journey engineer Pass on of repute. Avas named TO days remaining before of the few one long so changed. Sure, Chapin is The " exclaimed, have 305 PACIFIC. THE the jerked nineteenth been right when was the steam-engineand has all that he electric-telegrap thousand century a years ahead/' It had railroad always been the to up considered mines and, in ; as Territory,the legislature, the august bodies annually pass of the bill a capitala To no its success one they then is this to as has naturallyturned ; and to reached closely joinedin known the the canon, of the of the much spirits Clear- up day to- mountains. indebted of the for Union undertakings. vast the Missouri,he and Canon, banks resolved of the to roaring accomplished. the first of and clever to steam-engine is puffing the along the such impossibleis bridgeover Clear-creek track days of railroad a the all great a session,used deemed Suffice it to say it is all have are cities within which the lie tion corpora- as BLACK The of the enterpriseso directed narrow-gauge We wont Superintendent Sickels he finished the stream. is the build to company man Pacific,who lay a earlier steep grade into the heart the up day the incorporatingall accomplished fact an After last What Canon. creek the on build impossibleto which first object 26* HAWK. meets our view is the office of the 306 Colorado and Boston ability. These much known besides felt constrained We Central, while him, how has remained received We many the shown, made were the mode We limits wish the description; saying that "matte," and the as gold,and ores it is the of this but are and he the in the ores, all were content then consists shipped reduced,and than All the before. chapterwould is we his works successful "matte," must which hour the time roasted,and in this state unalloyed. in the us, called,which there to be further pure we to on go professorknows a encountered been assaying forming hence professor.Finding looking over had roasting and up age. plainto of give ore people: a fessor, pro- growing old^ while has been length of same difficultieswhich ores the out in Hill in the did ever ally gener- The carriageto our instruction more rule greeting as a with ease Prof. spent with we to leave such at to so city. give a pupil who to more the make to how sought we received we how the of he is the mayor are Smelting-Works." know to works extensive knowing said gold,is Prof. University,presides with "Hill's as whicli Smelting-WorkS; over Brown Hill, formerly of the ATLANTIC THE to the reduciug processes of process explained. permit an tended ex- by ourselves reduced of copper, to a iron, Swansea, England, gold taken out TO We cannot Prof. Hill,we in through the line would the city,and all the he, in Let describe me BLACK Two We in in rode Central. exactlywhere but is; will describe we were knows cities Colorado,if I declare had I I it,that find it. not settlement,which huge AND HAWK CENTRAL the by goes over and over, street,with narrow and singlefile (ifall are houses set and together, along going in their door little shops and side either of which into the been ; little enough highway opening directlyinto little stores ; a for the direction), same this of had irregularheaps ; side wide one on perpendicularsides bed thrown walk a CITY. with almost mountains rushing mountain-stream, the dug a this we mayor two gold but, with ; of names a told night, could dark a " works quartz-mining. on the the between " stamp-mill,"which were doubt no wager even " a chapter our I have Now, the delay longer at visited 307 PACIFIC. THE close the streets ; and banking-offices lawyers'signs,with smelting-worksand stamp-millsjust behind these these houses mountains, houses with long steps to reach and, farther the entrances up, to the still) ; and, up (allnow mines, perched them, little with one where sheds this canon above dwell which the sides the the of other, miners cover widening ; the out a 308 little at end, where its upper House," looking down Teller of solid rock which upon by blasting,with dust thousand Black A a persons, walk Teller,an brick you from shade, and with towns have you cross- hotel,the the shelf made was dust ; (oh the five to from the cities of the Teller seven Central Hawk. of a mile hotel,and new and " huge upon or people the a several are stands,and which it trees no then !)and and there buildings,and with lined streets " ATLANTIC THE brought us the Colorado It kept well. Kailroad,and Central erected was Central, and of old resident to House, M. H. by " presidentof now is creditable his to and publicsjDirit. enterprise A previous notions. our love of gold alone " the world By solid the start by so the up has been ore granite, small " excavated,and the is dwellingat walking where It is down wide several feet ; as your far the an seams which you The ; then This high tain moun- in altitude. out then, again,narrow, entirelylost. in this largest community taken hand the " hillsides, you which confirmed peculiarsettlement, a high peculiar formation. as morning only keeping people up and region, was the cities next drive about find can between from been have look, and can would opening widen it would and so last condition on places walls of entirely observe perhaps out to until the vein the miners call TO ^^ " petering out And for. owned and, when ; notion my in the East heard never of peters out, it great deal a be in dividend a mine a is,that must 309 PACIFIC. THE is done of the petered-out mines having been stock ; for I in seen these parts. Here has been when all those were and by written,- speculationwas their ; for names rise in readers' our But still gold and the basis The are and, so long to to and in that millions seven to and the set or silver more years not enumerate unhappy memories them looking over to is and and numerous, is a of them many of working probability found plenty a of yieldsnow gold and very figure. That of generalmeans the men to from five years, year be grow only awaits ; creased infrom ter bet- transportationthroughout abundant more mountain-districts, and result ; mines silver per few ceedingly ex- business twenty-five or thirtymillions,and articles of export ; and remain must attractive very be will Gold to prosperity. of dollars in cheaper supplies. ago, stock-certificates. industry. Colorado indefinite an will mining production will,in that that to cause there is fair there We much so talked,in more embellished Mining as advantage, engage minds, very rich. far might of Colorado's mines lodes of which rife. so we engraved and -finely as famous silver amount are labor, and her has been principal sufficient, 310 the from The and now could fuel fuel better I be used could to be and than all change covered by from and of this the cheaply. forbid the make hidden ; favor. The and these engines recesses. are that mines when to ores the the working scene drawing of of mountains the will up where items rather opening railroad place two one ; which the some Now hand at now many well pay prosperity. puffing their Hill transport transportation mines, her the keep to country, transportation would had the in Prof by unworked were richest will of means assured was of always exchange PACIFIC. THE TO settlement first of balance ores ATLANTIC THE the of the only of lation deso- railroad again be precious 312 trict Attorney for Unhesitatingly I thicket. This When reached miles fun morning's adventures do justiceto the what a good dinner. codfish for breakfast ten o'clock,that it." appetite, just ; for it I wouldn't if any Now, farmer readers of my climb down such desire a always thirst dollars valuable as mountain a I a hundred of me said, "Now, a three ; for the out reminded givesme take rest,and appetitewhich an It ! about set me the village. When place we given into to ourselves had eat the ; and mountain a down sat found Connecticut old rocks, and by towards Idaho, for which from would the- hillside. him accompany road, we road, we the the trudging down " the to to mountain- to down easy over carriage drive our saw down was nearly was way volunteered started we away who, used Wyoming, the climbing, said we ATLANTIC THE by for an thousand few feet in Colorado. Just by near our on a headed little Said these We he, parts ? '' Ah ! I accosted Haven't to came we which us, came with and a spring,and an old gray- whom we at heard you mentioned name my in " assured mountains little talk. a " a from log-cabin, who man, began once way him ; at which see. that he we had not been long in the quicklycaught,and said, Looking " for claims. Now, I teU ye I have got of the richest leads some will sell 'em We that him this old property, He alone ; for all last At all ready to my name, receive this the oppositehad into the Beebe springswere were a favorite had been dug from still for many months, by was section,and House means you go will 27 the his has to their out long resort of the Thus to find Idaho I introduce was Springs. early miners, and after all the creek which the great tent, the the woods in the Lost entrance flows gold by great pine,its is still standing the over enter alreadydone by some the to friends our to register at Idaho known " all found bears." paintedin largeletters, Saint's By eking offeringrefreshingshade, branches the been House the bed There to written, " up place of at hand. near buy mountains these are and village, it had day ; probablyeaten These and come through Going us. that I found friend,who Here of wealth. entered we mining claims, various this is all he who characters, just such lives in dreams to one right; for possessory is not see you some of ill suit him. to his alone,protecting man a " of seemed patiently waitingfor sell. I and saw, in search not were we which a fact properties, and ever you cheap." assured lives 313 PACIFIC. THE TO under which, popularsaloon to which was Rest." Springs,and at the Beebe pleasant accommodations. Many 314 Eastern people find during the A of ATLANTIC THE find home, sheltered a Extensive high mountain-peaks. located here ; and is made to the ride the bed its a town, back and for the over and fresh and green change rich through be blind indeed with ride from to Nature's Idaho brick fuel ; also made, are ledges of a seems works and farms and mountain- 2:)astures.So luxuriant this of which some as of he must enchanted Nature as has be erected the ore gold from by the pass they from Utah now are which from fire-clay, far away receive the sliall separate the pure the were is not side,we peculiar limestone, which that here mast which into the great beds sent ; for to Golden. building-material.Truly It country struck who glories city from and and over Nature. so fields, from great coal-deposits, digging dug been miles, many the streams, that crystal-like the enter the were and trees,so pure we for creek have leaving the creek,we the profitableexcursion gold. Mining disfiguresthe meadows, As the of which and by pleasantmountain-road. a lay along banks all sides on smelting-works are pleasant and over operationsdistort After mountains here, the enterprisingcommunity from Georgetown Our these into up summer. miles few their way ; and makes favored a high good this spot. great reductionthe hills above, foreignsubstances. TO We much were pleased with extensive which gustifolia), resembles the So success ; although we of fair paper There and is which made other mechanical some arranged that was Canon creek The is pouring well high, and are The formation flowers is is The confusion. road its waters into often volcanic,the trees are The taken a plant proved a specimen this weed. flouring-mills ; two as a us projected. should go up Clear- grading which the river is steep and often wild seems with largeparty the rocks magnificent. and pleasing, The a the an- CANON. ; and narrow over made had been road-bed. for the canon This not are enterprises examine to alreadydone a been wholly from CLEAR-CREEK It has manufacture pottery here,as a have soap-weed (Yucca brought away was various (Yucca filamentosa)of yucca far,the pioneer made hill-sides. the covers threaded gardens. our the experimentswith is where grades of wrapping-paper,and the visit to a Territory,where the paper-millof 315 PACIFIC. THE narrower fantastic in being strata scenery from raging rocky bed. tall and and a The walls appearance. thrown thrifty,the all rent, tor- along the into June canon fantastic. the channel. river-bed In some by walling places,a 316 the get around has been freshet,and the left iron be began Central the take can you Cit}^ ; Georgetown Clear-creek and Canon full was always rejoicethat with completely conquered Nature will repay scenery a During of one friend,passinga He at AT could make little that it was It a the water man " given I'll put Springs and The day spent in the due a the was shall we engineer The bands. some this a nation. denomi- before time designation ; prominence. caribou with town Baptist chapel. There expressions peculiar here. say, at question by saying, our a quaintness about certainly other landed inquiredthe church, we was was our GOLDEN". repliedto once out be his iron about walks our "Hydraulic Presbyterian." we since visit. CHURCH THE we and, it before visited we Before enjoyment, and of spring Idaho rail. by far so pushed forward,until season be reached can to canon, the once. Grolden,and another by at been ; and work stood arrive ; to at cars The has laid East, the track has return now road-bed iron will the Golden, the : done the tortuous up crooked. very course, success a and mountains, is,of road been heavy blastinghas of amount great the ATLANTIC THE head You on There often are and some hear you," which a is TO to saying that equivalent Plumb" '^ " as fails in has is I rascal land " is between the take these on "jumps Kio yonder : well, I Eastern give the is our stops along at Denver from excursion the required. This Railroad " Denver city of Denver, 27* seems to go on, but The " there road goes this and is along a line by the tlie Denver is road, making the title of line. east now River. will amply points of interest, the time in it in mining-camps. Arkansas over You put south,and runs the on " it might his session, pos- of peculiarities live in these Pueblo as I many say. and his friend takes the natives the Kailway,"which far and cor- earlier leaves they as "he " seen man gauge-road called narrow Grande a in oaths. of some you in tensify in- man in my have peculiarmanner, peoplewho a If claim," the placeof completedas An offenders ; and comes a passes the another If which, to one's tongue ; and every he " to thief,they a there." ping. whip- a flume/' or tree in There and hang and the the their words speechof man always used up dies, person that tree mine, will is they catch in his checks pass he bet gone shown to see his or a was days, they used a has When When You which give a " rall him." " word business,"he checks." will you plumb sure/' plumb good/'"c. peteredout." said, a 317 PACIFIC. THE " From (the repay Baby the Kansas 318 is man}'- years, Grolden will be I Colorado,I leave and is cold; and almost day, the will verge di- upon far down days the in day delicate when about parks. There every most many look can you mountains is and mildness its steady and no markable re- intense of winter,in the middle be out sit to there of doors ; and by the an window, open covered west in their sides. permitting,excursions Time which something say proverbialfor healthfulness. snow before and, ; cityfrom must the mountain climate very a centre that seen important lines. climate The important railroad an many Before stated,it will be thus have I what Denver and to , GUIS From are Missouri across J? St. L the thence City,and Kansas Pacific)to the ATLANTIC THE must into the be made PARKS. Only a general descriptioncan proposing to make resident,and some be can A its the be journey obtain given; had guides upon and better one any consult reliance whom placed. peculiarfeature great in the mountain-locked with basins,or depressions, topography of Colorado parks. They surface and soil great are more is or less 320 fortieth Biver, and the Gulf sublime of canon the outline of and is about it the of spurs toward out who North It its centre. gives diameter, the has The parks are of loftyranges be easilytraversed to north, and was far the those of civilization. east but for of the tory, Terri- to or the few the flows Missouri. thirtymiles loftiest of in any. visitors ; but its excelled. not north presents the most another one The entire south, or to by narrow chain from can south varied,romantic, and scenery. SOCIETY It Projecting Platte,which and a The it shoot boundary mountains. from by nearly circular; imaginable basin, twenty separatedfrom are is grandeur. enclose North timbered most attractions beautiful the Grand yet unsettled, and north settlements,and no natural that is Colorado,to diameter.. north, and then little circular a in the restraints the near rise to the first towards It is is awful resort beyond go Park and but fiftymiles loftymountains to want and but irregular, is park delightfulsummer most It depth the exit of The the west to thence,by the Great California. of It is drained latitude. of degree Grand by ATLANTIC THE an IN COLORADO. agreeable surprise to find such cultivated TO the societyin have we the of old towns, where their better aspect ; down in the scale,and Indians. be to hold " in Indeed, resident them who be a is like air of an a a the story. Among who get rich,and their our York his A hero. and the duty to the seek open somebody called him a a to Denver. preliminaryarrangements, he was directed to the a would deed in- In and a few cultivation and There better the is to Of in idea course, by some spend such tried having was New failing,deemed for young ladies ; After he had cast around fashionable house see gold. life. flock,and school to where capital, good brother, who to of Croesus. He are, of enjoy fashionable all talk, you like cities. there mission They dreams with mixed a them gain a Digger whose I would will you teaching of be have Denver, Golden, miners then and money, the Western whom class of the New-England in thrift,rarely found go than "claim." a to seem hear to uncontaminated larger communities, Denver own in they we some studied mountains. great beyond not man others,there the communities, did be hardy fellows, rich these west mining-towns leads,"and, claims,or think would level to south, Mexicans, and little better are the to people can the to of set a " this for the Among population, seems Far larger communities. large proportion of a 321 PACIFIC. THE for upon made an*d the pupils,and a fashion- 322 able street,occupiedby thus the ran "I family who have removed and Street. I have am claim " cried know I'm must No. at in -: to propose " I don't I tell you I cityof beautiful your rooms in private school. religious principles upon Stop, stop ! stop ! to ladies young attend York taken some Presbyterianminister,and a school my had to New and, calling, ; " you desired from Denver, run : told,sir,that was miner retired our conversation your " ATLANTIC THE go to much about orthodox an and backbone, school. children any " Stop, ; but religionanyhow the to Haven't to-day. m^?^er-gentleman. our orthodox " can't I here. dren chil- my buy your ing, Good-morn- sir ! " The old miner tenets, but honestly the according to the true the creeds make But now ; we coupled During our friends j and our how the examine to sound considered that now his his life such are fools was educated children numerous What over! amples ex- do tenets and must leave orado Col- of July, ! us the comes and, on be to have faith. Oh, of time to and, ; desired world had wished D.D.'s jpetevingout, he in had never the morning to car stay niany time in were the when of the fourth bound train Colorado, the we we had regretswhich day for Chej^enne. found arose many as the TO housetops Ever and the and green in canons churcli-spires and our Denver of will of " faded remain the in sojourn mountains, 323 PACIFIC. memories our of pleasures THE fair cities Colorado." from the and view. incidents hamlets, CHAPTEE Quartz-Mining in XXXII. California Colorado. and Colorado mining, which at this removed was gigantic scale a little ; a 3^ou will find Chinamen Eailroad, at Gold mining Many but it is have now been in seems the you can with those the from the valley below mode general the failures,sad California Many to the veins or in some Yo-Semite, ments, early imple- Central road. Pacific of drauli hy- Quartz- obtaining gold. of have placer is but example an see is on, the expensiv in- the first mode to gold loose of means road the legitimatebusiness. 324 at work Run, in the "c. ; and rocker, pan, said,placer- the latter is carried profit. On to localities, by the and, while the practisednow, I have Hydraulic-mining "c. rocker,pan, on As surface-soil the from quartz- entirelysuperseded in which earliest mode the was describe to ahuost hydraulicmining. placerand mining has day of Ores. previouschapters,I promised In Treatment The " disappointments; been reduced leads where to a former owners THE ATLANTIC have lost vast and new TO the economy with which through the are great stamp-mills'poundingout The which is rock,in which reduces it to it goes to the and the " stamps ; small " the from quartz, through through run fine dirt and a Nevada, is blasted " is in gold pure silver, all industrie is worked. and California, " surface,thence to the out, and crusher, a pieces. and let me if I see describe these. can Water heavy to the which A flume a revolve the extends away upon force the whole it is shovelled the 28 the mill,where it to work the and empties into There race. face iron and up is down the ; bottom of the ore shaft water or stamps width generally is long,upright sticks, through the steam to a is attached; in guides. cam-pulleys,or, are crushed stone through heavy a of means falls with and timber,and bar inserted by abundance, out which upon cam-motion, raises stamp box made are merely a to of of which sticks " in into the framework end shaft had is conducted box, and the be must brought in a of these states, mingled gold taken Now mountains fact,in the mine All under now, paying largely. as, in " rock. are management, I believe that here lies the secret, " 325 PACIFIC. of money sums economical more THE ; and dirt in ally, gener- is made " power, and, by and, lettinggo, of the box. framework, and the the The into stamps pound the water, which is 326 thick made the which it to the and race ATLANTIC muddy. On holes are muddy the whole into box wards to- of length,out gutter,which a which middle, from of the side the along flows water in the spout a THE it carries into the they take runs race. let Now this from of mass There of the look us it.' There last the which is the up of several after the other placedone flows. water When all the blanket is rinsed out in a gold that again into the box. amalgam by subliming coating the water as thought it The end through the silver quick- will,the plate is scraped off,and fresh a Occasionallythe on. gold the are at the ; and of flows plates,which of water, which tub bottom wool, and of quicksilveris put of thin race it is is the cover these the down removed, and the amalgmn coating gold. gold blanket, made a has absorbed back the they spread a takes are how see plateswhich them Upon to race water large copper are race. of the this muddy which quicksilver, over at is is taken poured from the before as quicksilver, described. There ar" placed in the ore, box water, and is formed. in stamps some By some in where liquidform, the quicksilveris the whole and is agitateduntil quicksilver, this process, localities. water is an saved, " mass of amalgam a eratum desid- 328 is called process for three some making outside the the pile, a up this is to iron form, a England, is in rests making freed There others the are where in it it is mining not understandingof the at The in a on, the secret that a at duct pro- Georgetown, and these ores ; and, Colorado will have only now have, after all,made at i\ie\vfriend^s earnest licitation, so- gold-m.ineJ^ reading,before is carried last produced. deal wrth may has sent done termed, so he eral sev- This produced. people who investment,when all my In the matte Colorado. mining-interestsof invested silver. the easilybe is matte those Eastern '^ a matte, Experience having building largeworks they With in at Golden, to projected an of in a place,and saved. could and stock-certificate to show poor furnace a product is takes are flux, as they succeed, the in the over ore, freed gold,and entirelyof sulphur may brighten,and so the piles. In transportedto Swansea, England, saving simpleone, a the iron,copper, reducing over place where same a this ; then is smelted products there is sized and packed first, the final reduction proved that sulphursuppliesfuel usual ; and ore it is matte, component process of composed where a is coarse is covered ore manner the the in sulphur,is crushed,and which if and roasting; months the fine similar to ATLANTIC THE " I I visited these failed to get subject;and I hope sections a I have correct so de- TO scribed a the idea general in arise With my for only of this chapter I have had trip planning a that might they I close my the mining, called difficulties journeyings, my writing has continually me information correct of gained which ores. trust before and have may kinds quartz, Colorado treating readers my different and note-book. I the hydraulic, placer, tliat operations, 329 PACIFIC. THE that from the know what one would Atlantic to see, and bean not close amiss aim, to " aid to and ; give readers my the Pacific, how to see in and it. APPEE-DIOES. ROUTES THE I. San From MARIPOSA. YIA " YO-SEMITE. THE the Erancisco, by rail,over to E-ailroacl, Thence TO Merced by stage or Central Pacific City. carriage to Mariposa, forty-two miles. and by carriage to White Thence Hatch's, eleven miles. From here Thence horseback, to on half; Clark's,fourteen to on to miles,or to Glacier Point to the eight miles,or half to seven Alder Empire Camp, Meadow Westfall's from miles miles. ; thence Creek, three to Hotels, seven and a miles; thence a to InspirationPoint, five Point, seven Glacier six miles and miles miles Point, six ; from and miles half. 331 a ration Inspihalf to and a 332 ATLANTIC THE TO VIA II. rail By by stage Oat Flat, Gentry's to steep trail the to rail Merced to ling's and Gentry's, and a Notes. reached ; thence horseback by miles down and into valley, Snel- via Flat Crane via a half. a by carriage, thence ; horseback Big to miles seven half. From " the Clark's, horseback on City and Camp by seven COULTERVILLE. Coulterville to Chinese VIA thence Copperopolis, to ; thence Valley, III. By thence carriage, by or FLAT. OAK BIG and Stockton, to PACIFIC. THE by journey, a Mariposa going in Grove and of is Trees Big returning, of teen four- miles. The hundred and Avoid not A Go the drivers with carry is valley by Consult of Francisco is far not from two fifty miles. private carriage into San from dealing only let the routes. way distance whole Mariposa generally of preceding into out you way the their parties,or more of the valley. to way agreeable Mariposa, pages. authorized A and out ^o^eZ-keepers. serve than by Do agents. the one carriage-road is mail-stages. of the other building by OF TABLE THE m PASSES Note. Geological Survey The and of Central the the probably was less of the at the lowered than are State of Railroad summit only OF NEVADA elevations Pacific road-bed pass SIERRA These " ELEVATION 14 AND MOUNTAINS. taken the from Reports of the California. crosses the Sierras by that the 7,042 feet, so feet, and the is PEAKS actual Donner original cutting-away that. 333 Pass, level was 334 ATLANTIC THE MOUNTAINS TO AROUND PACIFIC. THE YO-SEMITE THE VALLEY. Height, WATERFALLS. THE Yo-Semite, Yo-ham-e-ta, Spirit of Night-Wind, Great Grizzly Bear, Vernal, Pi-wy-ack, Sparkling "Water, Nevada, Yo-wi-ye, Twisting The Bridal South Veil, Fork Note. Bide, 150 Fall, "To on compare Canadian Po-ho-no, these side. to find altitude altitudes, Niagara Mt. Valley level,4,000 feet, which mountaias The Il-lil-ou-ette, "Washington, must above the be added ocean. 350 700 Water, 600 Beautiful, Falls, 164 6,224 feet. to 2,634 feet A on American mile, 5,280 feet. the elevations given of the 336 ATLANTIC THE law, which, appliedto following the settlements the matter beyond national a made now all there, would question,and COURT, December HuTCHiNGS, ^ In Error Plaintiffin 1. A party, by settlement declared intention laws, does premises as to another United of power the under prescribedby the payment vested of States with a the tion pre-emp- interest to divest Congress by upon pre-emption laws, when laws of the for the priceof these by him, it,by a in the grant, the is entitled to and ultimatelyto such a he been a patent and for the that event, in complied Avith,the the preferenceto tler, set- cupied premises oc- the from local the land-oflScers, United entry, the pre-emption laws give ; that the subsequentlydeprived. He land of pre-emption in privilege manner title,including performed by interest in be of the preliminaryacts the been certificate of entry from a payment sale in the usual all the land, have cannot the lands Constitution,only the acquisitionof have prerequisites of which then only a of the power for the first time, acquiresa vested Until under same over regulationand disposition those When settler. the Supreme the State of California. of the United therebyacquire such not States,conferred ceases, title.to a to the 1872. party. The 2. obtain to lands upon depriveCongress to Error others, Commissioners,"c. ) and Term, Court " V. F. F. Low this valley make U.S. 435. J. M. thus settle to seem all to park. SUPREME No. the facts relative case the lands are to States. the offered tler set- for to purchase them, in is,the privilege others. TO with contract any occupied limited are offered The sale, a"t of and the passed the title recreation, settlers to of of these that be 29 inalienable to first The case given parties to legislation to thus deprive Congress to any public uses. should for Grove to the be held all granting time. to the State, for public use, of they California, of subject who Yo-Semite the State in ed adopt- them 1864, their them purchase before 30, land of any lands premises they the the Big-Tree Mariposa that of June into enter not disposition appropriate Congress therein, and or be intended not was in privilege shall do sale. that, them. other any for Valley specified of the improved make to power 6. and for laws, sale, laws, obligations, any up prices, fixed at upon benefit the for open quantities, settled for the thrown put those by declare incur or be ever pre-emption the by settler, shall simply are have the him by They lands States, United The 3. 337 PACIFIC. THE to the resort, trust and HETCH-HETCHY the For their benefit of the Sierras, I reached is Ranch, by of way amply the there three a lake, in half to and feet above west ; but Semite. last Yo-Semite miles eighth describes : is the At the 338 Most Its sea. it is bent another Yo-Semite. course northward end of Main in seen his visit the a Tuolumne Merced. the elevation an and grand as of out is scenery it the on on mile. lies at show, that, " length, with a valley will this to fatigue,and valley is situated as visit valley,almost thus in jSTovember A Yo-Semite the to It Hardin's from route travel, there of Muir John "This just and another " the on scenery Valley. Hetch-Hetchy Flat. time routes imposing, Mr. is situated the beautiful mountain-trail good a the of more desire to extend who tourists mention Big-Oak repay usual behold will by which those of journey, and VALLEY. width It of is in is varying its surface of River, about from an is level as thirty-eighthundred mostly the from middle, valley,the river east like enters to Yoa ATLANTIC THE narrow which canon, fast to becoming valley,where rocks Rocks trail right are positionto the valley. stands State seventy are not best the top of the from On the resembles a large stream least pours thousand a El Capitan its over feet. mile wall, a East brow, with of The fall. . two with benches . wall of the . fringed with of portion of the Hetch-Hetchy height,but the side, positionrelative a It in not is about ken unbro- one this fall has correspond benches of the The wall. . is diversified spring same live-oak,which Yo-Semite vast high, In valley above to the a feet Eall. of Yo-Semite astonishingminuteness relative is clear fall of at a this,on are farther two or valley there valleylike feet in hundred They Yo-Semite. of the is,according of Yo-Semite. to the hundred of the group, highest members two Hetch-Hetchy Eall,occupying seventeen relative same twenty-two is the that the Cathedral eighteen hundred perpendicularrock-front which The of the side north the group, about those as of the above, exactly like Yo-Semite height. separate so seen east. feet in valleyfrom end member isolated geologicalsurvey, and like group lowest of the ficientl suf- in,the first conspicuous occupying The well out correspondingrock to a springfloods the west at comes Yo-Semite, and in which the the half of the lower Beginning Hardin on the prevent 339 PACIFIC. THE devour cannot lake. a TO with . . groves same face sur- and 340 THE meadows in trees ATLANTIC the same PACIEIC. THE manner identical are TO Yo-Semite as in We species. . here room will only and state its that as the of portion discuss to level our great great time Semite is ago, a canon is of up it Canon the filled of that Glacier bottom throughout extending opinion exactly a glacial the same the have this no valley we : inseparable an the chain which canon, with is of of one and . . formation the ; of have drift. origin." Tuolumne, lake-basins been, The no Yo- TEEES AND PLANTS AEOUND Adiantum THE IN GROWING YO-SEMITE VALLEY. pedatum Aspidium argutum Acer A. macrophyllura glabrum Aconitum Alnus . nasubum viridis . Abies Douglasii Azalea . occidentalis (The Arctostaphylos glauca Adenostema (The Douglas fir). swamp cheese). (Manzanita). fasiculata Boykinia occidentalis Bahia confertiflora CalamagrostisCanadensis Cheilanthes gracillima Comandra umbellata Chsenactis achilloefolia Cystopterisfragilis Cornus Nuttallii . Ceanothus integerrimus 29* 341 AND 342 THE ATLANTIC C. divaricatus Epilobium angustifolium Frangula Californica Glycerianervata Hulsia . brevifolia Hellenium Hosackia . . grandiflorum grandiflora . Lilii (Many varieties). .... Libocedrns Nuphar decurrens . advena (The yellow pond lily). common PhiladelphusCalifornicus Pinus ponderosa P. contorta . (The pine . P. aristata P. (The yellow pine). belt of Jeffreyi found in the vegetationin highest the ras). Sier- . P. Sabiniana (Sugar pine). P. Lambertiana . P. Coulteri . Picea the largestcone). grandis Populus balsamifera Phragmitescommunis Pelloea densa P. (The pinewith Bridgesii . P. mucronata Polypodium Californicum mistaken (Balsam-poplar, for cotton-wood). 344 ATLANTIC THE taken to little botany that I it trust the is day chambermaid The have houses, over her to bureau when going and took Where at a " their value loss with dry they for do leaves to attempts been, know to the not me " introduce seem the gave I no man room that I the met good a out feeling a " in vation. preser- things and exclaimed, doubt, in I your sir! for room, leaves away, California part, to but, I dry " nicely my had tried to of plain ex- is chambermaid " No. filled up his things." and most them ; why ? to I carefully very them " the they threw to said, all are "I me. she ties, locali- did. I as them arranged after, " coming to-day " bureau." collections placing I and their hotel, ; different plants. the stairs sir; to-day, your pain the on know guides in so be must care The vary the had and soon names lose not at room my One of will and ; specimens. identify specimens, in cleaning popular to readers many bureau the work hard my collected and ; shrub-oak a collecting when gloves wear of especially shrubs, and plants ous PACIFIC. THE TO failures; thrive. into plants and, even our in our gardens flower- PLANTS AND TEEES OF THE the principaltrees EOCKY MOUNTAINS. The following list plantsfound I of the Abronia Acer A. indebted am Colorado fragrans circinatum negundo Achillea Aetata Aira " A. or yarrow, (Red -grass). triflorum milfoil). (Monk's-hood). . (Onion, or leek). (Speckled alder). incana alnifolia monoica multifida Aquilegia cerulea (June berry). (Wild-hog peanut). (Many-cleftanemone). Virginiana Arabis (Vine maple). (Red baneberry). Amphicarpcea Anemone Eailroad. . Amelanchier ness complete- Capt. Berthoud, Chief Engineer (Common . Alnus for its (Box elder). . rubra Allium ; and and . reclinatum pallcns to Central millefolium Aconitum mountains these in contains (Wind-flower). . falcata Arctostaphylosuva-ursi (Blue columbine). (Rock-cress). (Trailingarbutus). 845 346 THE (Sandwort, several varieties). Arenaria Montana . Canadensis Artemisia Aster (Mexican poppy). Mexicana Argemone Arnica ATLANTIC NoviE-Angliae Astragalus caryocarpus A. filifolius A. hypoglottis A. mollissimus A. plattensis (Arnica). (Wormwood, (Common white sage). New-England (Milk-vetch). . . Berberis Betula aquifolium ovalis Cerastium arvense (Mahonia, blue barberry). (Rocky-mountain birch). glandnlosa Ceanothus . (New- Jersey tea, . (Fieldchickweed). or red-root) Cheiranthus Cheiri (Wall-flower,yellow). Chimaphilla maculata (Prince's-pine). Clematis C. aster). Viorna . (Leather-flower). (Common Virginiana virgin's-bower) Convolvulus arvensis (Bindweed). Corallorhiza multiflora (Coral-root). Corydalisaurea . (Golden corydalis). Cypripedium candidum (White lady's-slipper). Delphinium (White larkspur). D. album menziessi (Larkspur). . Dodecatheon Draba verna meadia . (American cowslip). (Whitlow grass). TO THE Echinospernura Lappula Ellisia PACIFIC. (Stick-seed). Nyctelea (Willow-herb). Epilobium spicatum Erigeron corapositum . Erysimum cheiranthoides (Worm-seed mustard). Euphorbia corollata (Flowering spurge). Gilia (American columbo). Carolinensis Frasera fragrans G. pulchella G. rosea . Glyceria Ipomea leptophylla Lilium (Wild yellow lily). Canadense borealis Linnaea Linum (Mountain shrub). Americana Jamesia (Twin flower). . (Yellow flax). Boottii (Blue flax). L. percum Lippiacuneafolia (Fog-fruit). . Lithospermum longiflorum Lupinus perennis . Malva Mentha moschata borealis M. piperita M. viridis . , (Musk mallow). . . (Wild lupine). . (Horsemint). (Peppermint). (Spearmint). 347 THE 348 (Lungwort). Mertensia Jamesii Mimulus unifiora Monescs Nasturtium . (Monkey-flower). . (A palustre canescens Drummondii Subulata grandidentata (Bitterpoplar). . (Cottonwood). our gardens)- (American aspen). farinosa . (Primrose). rosea Eanunculus (Buttercup). . Rhus R. of (Valerian). . P. tremuloides P. (Beard-tongue). (Moss pink). ceruleum Populus angulata Primula (Marsh-cress). (A showy annual . Polemonium P. flower). . ceruleum Pentstemon P. fragrantmountain (In varieties). (Enothera Phlox very (Yellow-weed). lobatum Nycterum Obione ATLANTIC aromatica typhina Ribes Rubus . (Staghornsumach). . (Buffaloor aureum Nutkanus . Scdum luteum Missouri currant). (White floweringraspberry). (Stone moss). Silene acaulis Sida (Fragrant sumach). (Moss catchfly). cocciuea (Red-flowering sida). Spirieaopulifolia . (Meadow-sweet). TO Spiranthes . V. Virginica pea). (Yellow Montana Tradcscantia Verbena (Ladies'-tresses). cernua Thermopsis 349 PACIFIC. THE (Spiderwort). . (Verbena). Aubletia bracteosa . Viola V. (Violet, ciicullata palmata Heart's-ease) " . V. pubeseens V. rotunditblia resembles (Soap-weed, Yucca in of the the constructed me plants the has are been of In plants the and readers they journey the on Y. filementosa). will be recognized plants many no flora You observe will plant higher belts to in adapt are of up them yet as them they will to with find United much how on identified the of made ites favor- as has Nature their the true more mountains the vegetation, acquainted become ; for not complete same trees to Yucca, plants Mississippi. valleys. my above There blossoms her urge as there as west in than the gardens. our brilliant of Many " named, States Let garden our angustifolia Note. and . situation. trees and friends. TABLE OF TAKEN FROM ALTITUDES THE MOST IN ACCURATE COLORADO. SURVEYS. Feet. Denver 5,250 Golden 6,200 Central City 8,300 Idaho 7,800 Georgetown 8,450 . Caribou 9,200 Boulder 5,550 Greeley 4,750 Cheyenne 6,130 Colorado City 6,350 Pueblo 4,400 Trinidad 5,800 Tarryall 9,900 Fairplay 10,000 Twin Hot Lakes 9,000 Springs Boulder in Middle Pass Berthoud Argentine Park 7,700 11,700 Pass Pass Breckinridge Pass 350 11,020 13,000 11,000 COLOKADO. WEATHER RECOED " DENVER The in 1872, rainfall 18.77 in 1870 inches. was FOR 12.65 inches AT 1872. ; in 1871, 12.53 inches ; and, OEES PUECHASED The Boston known 1872, From Creek for 9,650 $88,000 which to $586,000. and tons, 640 this year, $788,000. matte of of tons The England. was $80 the per This matte, yield ton would $1,230 ; the and, estimating the of give per works an for 1872 to ton. 353 sea, Swan- the at in same have value average duced re- treated ore it of was ore shipped of 600 total a of : for tons, County, making was ore $320,- 6,950 amount which average product This about paid; were of Park from ing dur- have, which for tons, and paid; better " amounts County, Gilpin were Hawk, following 2,100 HILL. Company, Black at " the from $178,000 tons, Smelting County, paid; were which 1871 Hill's, purchased Clear 000 Colorado and Prof. as PEOFESSOE BY been to the HISTOEY THE OF GENERAL FEATURES OF THE AND The region first of party Green began from Eussell, are in what then was discoverywas south of the others by exaggerated, were Eiver began The ; site " the limits of in 1858. of above first Pike's and at Peak in wend their and trials, vicissitudes, pioneers, have furnished the the two greatly course Missouri gold-hunters new sufferings of abundant points of these reaching towards way followed difterent and, immediately thereafter,excited to miles few was discoveries,of long Country." a confluence the A gold-discovery and Denver, rado Colo- leadershipof the Dry Creek, on of these not the the as made Eiver Eeports streams. with Cherry Creek, along the Platte SITUATION, ITS public attention credited present on within Georgia,under known This REGION, EXTENT, to attract miners MINING embraced now COLOEADO. IN MINING material Eldorado. these for early most thrilling history. The progress 354 and development of the mining-interests ATLANTIC THE of this The a of dirt and localities, few a Central During lodes gold the the the ; and the whole (then Nebraska) Mexico the south, a " This miles. foot-hill the on relative to this of distance square miles. rapidly a is underlaid three width ing vary- including established inexhaustible ligniteclass,which are it for all in in thickness such requisite uses, domestic found is of purposes. about Subsequent explorations of the eastern with New than more the following facts great mining-regionof Colorado length tervals in- at to ; First,that the plain country adjacentto and or is region, from north, mining-region has developments have adapt face sur- what made, were forty to sixty miles^ hence fifteen thousand the entire of washing vicinityof discoveries Wyoming from the to were succeedingyear, explorations throughout on confined by ing Dur- mining-region. to in followed City. widely extended hundred dent resi- gentleman^ a a operationswere years, various of the populationto first two placersin and by first important gold-discoveries were the and described 355 PACIFIC. THE mining-districts. largeinflux now thus region are in the TO base beds the of " along mountains coal, of the superiorquality as whether Some of viz., for of these to ing, steam, smelt- coal-deposits horizontal,others in vertical beds, varying from fifteen inches to fifteen feet. Border- 356 ing in ATLANTIC THE these coal-measures qualityto supply the to furnishes iron in the any depositsof fire-clay, equal are in world, and of the wants cient quantitiessuffi- nation. The helt same suppliesof limestone, sandstone,gypsum, outlying belt is the This ore. of the and mineral region. Second, that ten twenty or the lower miles from for foot-hills, the plains,are veins, in nearlyall copper-bearing gold of silver,or or quantitiesin of them some Third, that back and Range, are found of and in along the from the range, northern Previous to to the section,by sections of Park, Lake, and mines and were in of paying to the Snowy range, bearingveins,which, hitherto Colorado. constituted These are possibly tend ex- changes of acter char- believed to exist interruptions, some southern veins the boundary of rado. Colo- ately 1865, the region of country immedi- surrounding Central other silver and localities, with trace a bej^ondthe west, showing many different by found, and districts of source bullion-producing traversed which these, extending gold and of and. have placers, the togetherwith east ; includingsome the great is both, of distance a its placer and lode Colorado Summit are the City was which ducing great gold-pro- mines. produced gold Counties,where yet worked only The rich were placer- successfully.Tlie TO worked mines sections these in gold containingbut rich ; and County lodes silver in particularly more latter have make them 1870, and in Boulder County, in in Park up County, The production,as [n preciousmetals, the deposits discovered, were the silver-ore of gold ; also to gold-mines of Gilpin successfully.In date County in silver-lodes extensive 1871 of this to ever, how- Summit in Creek Clear in of the production of up 1865, vicinityof Georgetown. the the worked opened others the great rival in County In discovered steadilyincreased so gold-mines,producing were little silver. were 1866 in 357 PACIFIC. THE and tumn au- were silver mines Conejos County. Nearly all the of the silver ; many others discoveries Lack of mining, works, and lead,and regionhas are an lack excess lack of silver-veins copper, carry the mineral gold-veins carry made every year. economical and reasonable of prodigaland adequate unscientific have, in facilities, impediments have either rapidlydisappearing. Mining and is conducted far more large explored; against the profitsof mining these gold; has and new of reduction tated past, mili- Colorado. disappeared,or been of experiments, times in and area intelligent system and of railroad A zinc. of amount some carry yet been not large a All are systematized, economicallythan hitherto. 358 ATLANTIC THE The of cost $75 $25 to The ton. per completion this will make still further a particular.Railways and to in process the along to the of construction the of in improvement in tion, opera- mountains, and of the base base completed,and are from extensive of the smelting-works, alreadyprojected at mountains, declined has ores reducing refractory of the heart very are ing min- centres. Finally, unlike entire belt under the shadow showers fall upon swollen during The the thousand Range wooded well is are the little and Snowy the the grassy The the soil and of cereals ; but in and adaptation to culture of small Gilpin County,the of land the past under season, smallest thirteen successful snows. foot-hills up glades afford to the is short season climate are of for excelled un- tables, vege- fruits. in extent and, perhaps,least adapted the constantly dairy,the growth the summer melting the finest pasturage in the world. cultivation are the valleys among fertile ; and Range, streams by summer Situated watered. an-d the of it; mining-regions, this other many to of all the ties, coun- ing had, duragriculture, hundred and cultivation, " this twenty apart acres froui grazing-lands. Aside there are from tliis belt,which kuowJi to be has been depositsof gold outlined, briefly and silver in the INDEX. A. Quicksilver Almaden Appendices, The, Mines, 156. 331. B. City Bluff Battle at first Mountain Bower Cave, sight, 15. 52. Station, 207. Black-Hawk, The Big Trees, 173, 203. city of, 308. C The California, view California, Summary Calistoga, The The Canon, Saratoga " Clifi" House Colorado " and Canon, and the the Pacific, 127. 59. 311. " " Central up Railroad, and Climate Society in, " Ores, The Parks Creek Influence of, Canon, of, 318. 3, '7. location of, 292. 318. 320. of, 308. Treatment town to limits, and Geographical Across 78. Raih-oad, 3ul. " Corinne, 226. of, 283. "^f Road, " Continent, the journey, make 307. Central " " to 99. The, Creek Clear year 65. Central, City of, Chinese, the American, great Horn, Cape of season the, of, 289. 47. 31 361 362 INDEX. Council Bluffs, 15, 272. to Crane 203. Flat, Stage ride back Merced, Coulterville through, D. First Denver, of, 291. view " Its history and " Railroad " Road Lake, Donner to, 291. down to the from, Inkstand, The, Devil's situation, 296. mines, 303. 137. 56. E. Road, Erie 8. The, 31. Evanston, The Evans, Caiiou, Weber and Echo 32. of, and town its characteristics, 294. people travelling, 177. FASHIONABLE G. 81. Golden, The Gate, Gentry's, The to, 202, trail up 314. Georgetown, Geysers, The Great, 134. " The steamboat, 138. " The ride up to the Great, 134. Island, 113. Goat Golden, The city of, 300. enterprises of, 315. Mechanical " Greeley, The of, 293. town H. Valley, Hetch-Hetchy The Homeward, Hotel on start, 240. wheels, A, Hydraulic mining, Springs, Idaho Iowa, A JURY, 240. River, The, Humboldt Woman, 50. 61. 311. ride through The 338. Northern, 28. 11. 207. 363 INDEX. K. Starr, King, A to the tribute of, 93. memorj' L. Laramie, City of, 27. " Great and Letters, General " Little Plains of, 28. plan of the, 7. of the series Object of, 288. M. Mariposa, 168. *' of Grove Merced big trees, 173. City, 164. Mining peculiar expressions, 317. towns, Missouri River, 270. " '" The Mountains, Mountain Bridge, 24. Eocky, view, Grand, Mormons, The, 274. 2U7. their houses of and worship schools, 38. N. Napa 119. Valley, city and " Nevada " its gardens, 121. Caiion, 194. Falls, 196. O. Omaha, The " Ogden, " city of, at first sight, 15. " " at second sight, 267. 34. The trip to, 42, P. Pacific " The, Union, Railroad, The what is seen Union, how it the " " The building of " " The Central Palisades, The, and the upon Plan, General, of the Yo-Semite Central, declared the continent, Qin California,324. 19. 246. Union, comparison a, 338. letters,7. Point, Highest railroad, on day's journey, built, 255. was 51. Park, National, The Quartz-Mining first 26. between, 2.56. 364 INDEX. R. A RALSTON'S, Reno, day at, 230. 53. Routes, The " from several The the from three East Chicago Chicago, 8. to Omaha, to 9. S. Sabbath, in the The, Sacramento, The A " Salt Lake city ride of, 67. from, The, Arrival in, 72. "" " " " " *' " " " " " " " " " '' School and " " Banks aad " " Horse-cars " " The " '' Hotels, " " Art " " The Seal 68. buildings of, 3a. people, and Francisco, San Francisco, 48. San Santa opposite San Oakland, to City, Situation, Salt Lake. 30. Mountains, Rocky day in, First Sunday in, 73. 75. after Impressions What is of the Streets Architecture churches of, 91. and of. 94. plants, trees interests manufacturing at, 87, of, 95. of, 97. currency in, 98. Chinese in, 99. people, and and the artists of. 106. amusements of, 111. of, 117. future Clara, Valley WTiarf city of, 90. and Gardens, Oakland from seen in, 86. week a of, 144. Josfe, City of, 148. Rock and Sherman, Sight, a Sierra Nevada Smelting the lions, 80. 26. strange, 83. Mountains, Works, Prof. and Sulphur Springs, White, 124. The several, of, 233. passes Hill's,306. Stations,Colfax, Auburn, Stockton, 215. Surveys, and of peaks elevation made to Rocklin, determine 65. the routes for a railroad, 262. T. Table of the elevation of iieaks and passes 333. Travelling in California, What to wear in, 222. in the Sierra Nevada tains, Moun- 365 INDEX. Trees and Plants of " "' Truckee Yo-Scmitc in South, 345. Mountains, Rocky The, Region, Tuolumne, 341. Valley, 56. of grove big 204. trees, U. Utah, of, Future 45. V. Vernal Palls, 195. Valedictory, 287. Wahsatcii Mountains, W. West, Advice Wyoming, to 82. those intending of, 27, Territory to 285. go, 291. Y. Young, Yo-Seraite, " *" " 44. Briguam, the, To Valley, Valley, " Routes " " " The, the, into of, 179. 188. Flowers, trees, to, via Mariposa, to, via Big-Oak via, around Trees 31* a and national plants shrubs and of, 201. 3.31. Flat, Coulterville, Mountains declared Valley, 162. 187. to, Valley, the, Clark's The, " " to Mountain-peaks Fall, " Routes from Trails " " 161. .332. 332. the, park, growing .334. 335. in and around the, 341.